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Extraction of Tall Soap by Use of Selected Organic Solvents
Rousková, Milena ; Heyberger, Aleš
The aim of this study was to compare yields of phytosterols by use of liquid-liquid-extraction when several extraction solvents, recommended in literature sources, were used. Hexane, limonene, isobutanol, methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl tert-butyl ether were tested. These solvents differ in polarity. Largest yields of total phytosterols (67%) and especially of the beta sitosterol (89%) were reached when isobutanol was used. Disadvantages of most of the tested solvents were formation of the undesirable solid interphase, which could not be removed, their partial solubility in water phase and/or their high boiling point.
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Correlations for the Prediction of NTU and Mass Transfer Coefficient for a VPE
Rathilal, S. ; Čárský, M. ; Heyberger, Aleš ; Rousková, Milena
Liquid-liquid extraction is the separation of the constituents of a liquid solution by contact with another insoluble liquid and belongs to the class of countercurrent diffusional separation processes, where it ranks second in importance to distillation. There are many different types of columns that are available for liquid-liquid extraction and the reciprocating column and vibrating plate column are two types of mechanically aided columns. This paper aims at developing appropriate correlations for the prediction of NTU/HETS and the mass transfer coefficient, kox for the VPE based on the agitation level of the plates (af – the product of frequency and amplitude of the plate motion), the plate spacing and the flow rates which will allow for the simplification in the design of this type of column.
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Effect of pH Adjustment on Hexane Extract Composition at Liquid-Liquid Etraction
Rousková, Milena ; Heyberger, Aleš ; Tříska, Jan ; Cvengroš, J. ; Kleinová, A.
Tall soap is a by-product of the sulphate process in pulp and paper production. In the Czech Republic it is utilized only as an energy source. It can serve also as a source of valuable components, e.g. phytosterols, which have positive effect on human health (decreasing of cholesterol content in blood, cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer etc.). These substances can be separated by liquid-liquid extraction. Its applicability is limited by high content of emulsifiers in the raw material. It can be eliminated by decreasing the pH of the tall soap solution by mineral acid. This partial acidification has a positive effect on both hydrodynamics of the extraction process and the increase of distribution coefficients of individual compound groups, which can affect the composition of the output phases. Further experiments were carried out to refine phytosterols by the use of wiped-film molecular evaporator. Two different levels of pH of processed tall soap were used.
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Recovery of Phytosterols from Tall Soap Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Rousková, Milena ; Heyberger, Aleš ; Tříska, Jan
Tall soap is a side-product in the Kraft process of the paper and pulp production. The most frequently tall soap is processed in paper technology for chemicals recovery and as a fuel. It contains also phytosterols that have medically proved positive effect on human health, especially on cardiovascular diseases and some types of tumour illnesses. Phytosterols can be isolated from the mixture by either energy consuming distillation or by gentle liquid-liquid extraction. The topic of interest is focused on tall soap processing for phytosterols’ yield maximalization by application of special constructed device – vibrating plate extractor.
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Kapalinová extrakce tálového mýdla - studium parametrů v průběhu procesu a jejich vlivu na složení extraktu
Heyberger, Aleš ; Tříska, Jan ; Rousková, Milena ; Růžičková, Kamila ; Volaufová, Eva ; Krtička, M.
Tall soap is most frequently used as an alternative low quality fuel in the paper mills. But after conversion to tall oil (by acidification with sulphuric, hydrochloric or phosphoric acids) it could be processed by extraction separation of fatty and resin acids and neutral compounds, especially phytosterols and/or long-chain aliphatic alcohols. The aim of this study was the investigation of the tall soap liquid-liquid extraction by hexane and the study of the different parameters, especially pH value on the yield of sterols, fatty acids and resin acids.
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