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Breast cancer immunohistochemistry
HYŽÍKOVÁ, Sabina
In my bachelor thesis I deal with imunohistochemical examination of breast cancer. I performed the research at the Department of pathology at the hospital in Písek. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part In the theoretical part I deal with anatomical structure of the breast, clinical symptoms, diagnostics together with imaging methods. Next risk factors, including genetic and hormonal aspects of breast cancer. Prognosis and also by prevention of tumor development and subsequent treatment of this disease. I summarized the general classification of tumors representing staging and grading. I also described pathological structures of the breast as benign and malignant lesions. In the practical part I deal with the description of the immunohistochemical method, I focused on how the method works and especially how the whole histological process looks like. I worked with a total amount of 218 biopsy samples of breast tissue, which were subsequently stained with this method and I determined 5 markers (oestrogen and progesterone receptors, HER-2/Neu, Ki67 and E-cadherin), which were used in their diagnosis. Based on the negativity of ER, PR and HER-2/Neu, I evaluated fourteen triple-negative lesions. Hormone receptors showed numerous positive results more than negative ones, while HER-2/Neu expression showed only slightly higher positivity in hundred and twenty two cases compared to the remaining ninety six negative cases. The results of the practical part of my bachelor thesis was finding, that the most prevalent histologic subtype of breast cancer is the invasive ductal carcinoma, which was represented in one hundred and ninety two cases, another type was invasive lobular carcinoma represented in twenty two cases and six ductal carcinoma in situ. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to present a brief description of the issue of breast cancer and point out the representation of the most frequently diagnosed subtypes as well as to describe the execution of a method that is typical for detecting breast cancer-associated receptors.
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