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Pregnancy with positive diagnosis of preeclampsia and the role of a midwife.
HUSÁROVÁ, Nela
This bachelor thesis deals with pregnancy and positive diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The thesis describes the role of a midwife and the needs of pregnant women during hospitalization. The aim of this thesis was to find out how midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and a further aim was to find how the needs of women diagnosed with preeclampsia have changed. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part the characteristics of pregnancy, hypertension, etiopathogenesis and the role of a midwife with a woman diagnosed with pre-eclampsia are described. Two aims were chosen for the empirical part of this thesis, namely, to find out how midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and how the needs of women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia have changed. We were interested in finding out how midwives care for pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and the needs of these women during hospitalization. Based on these objectives, two research questions were established. How do midwives perceive the care of pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and how have the needs of pregnant women changed during the provision of care. A qualitative research investigation was carried out by means of semi-structured interviews with midwives and women who have experienced the disease during pregnancy. The first research group consisted of five midwives working in the obstetrics and gynecology department. The second research group consisted of eight informants with personal experience of pre-eclampsia and whose delivery took place less than a year ago. The first research question investigated how midwives perceive the care for pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. The research survey showed that all the midwives interviewed agreed on increased monitoring of the client's general condition, especially monitoring of blood pressure, swelling, laboratory testing of blood and urine, subjective feelings of the client and further observation of the heart rate of the fetus using a doppler. Furthermore, the midwives emphasized the importance of client education during hospitalization. Most frequently the women were educated about resting regimen, limiting TV and phone screen time, having a semi-dark room, bedrest, signaling devices and getting enough sleep and rest. Only some midwives mentioned educating women about the proper technique of urine collection in 24 hours. Information regarding bowel movement and constipation prevention was mentioned only by midwife PA3. The second research question examined how pregnant women's care needs have changed. The research survey showed that informants most frequently experience disruption of psychosocial needs, namely separation from family and loved ones, fear and concern for their unborn child, homesickness and sadness. Furthermore, the informants reported disruption of sleep due to hospitalization and change of environment. Some informants mentioned limited dietary choices and only informant I8 mentioned a problem of obstipation due to long-term hospitalization and resting regimen. Furthermore, the informants mentioned an information deficit in the area of self-education due to not attending antenatal classes as a result of hospitalization and the previous epidemiological situation. Pregnant women undergoing long-term hospitalization do not have the opportunity to visit antenatal courses outside the medical ward which results in information deficit in the area of self-education. This bachelor thesis has shown that there is a need for more consistent education for women during hospitalization. The findings of this thesis may be used as a source for professional seminars and lectures for midwives.
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