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Technická řešení pro měření nádoje a kvality dojeného mléka
HUCEK, Jiří
The literary researcg deals with technical solutions for automated "in-line" measurement of milk yield and milk quality control from dairy cows. The motivation for research and development activities in this area is to improve the welfare and the health status of dairy cows, to ensure the safety of final products and increase their quality for the end consumer. The applications of systems above helps to increase the competitiveness of dairy farmers as well as product processors. In order to achieve health and fine quality milk, is necessary to comply with a number of hygienic measures, but also to follow zootechnical principles of breeding. The introductory part is devoted to the definition of milk and its composition (proteins, milk fat and vitamins). The following are physico-chemical parameters of milk, such as the electrical conductivity of milk, the number of somatic cells, the content of the urea, the fat content, the protein content, the residues of inhibitory substances and the lactose content. Futhermore, it is focused on factors that affect the milk quality. This chapter define nutrition, housing technology, sanitation of milking equipment, the influence of the breed on milk parameters and the health status of dairy cows. The methods used for milk analysis are describes below. Among of selected methods are the analysis of the milk conductivity, optical analysis and differential test for milk leukocytes. The last part deals with ICAR organization and it's regulations on the use of instruments to measure the milk yield. Then individual devices certified by ICAR for milk yield measuring are described.
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