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Assessment of age and growth increments of pearl mussel (\kur{Margaritifera margaritifera}) shells
HOLEČKOVÁ, Karolína
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess the quality of localities and their suitability for possible juvenile reintroduction based on the morphometric parameters and the age of dead freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera). The age of the dead individuals was determined from the stained cross section of pearl shell layer. Shells were sampled on localities in Aš (Bystřina, Lužní potok, Rokytnice and Újezdský potok) and Šumava (Blanice, Kleine Ohe and Zlatý potok) in the Czech Republic and in the adjacent parts of Germany in 2015 and 2017. A total of 77 shells were used. Shells of larger sizes were found out in the Aš region. The average age of the shells was 46 years and did not differ between the regions. The average annual increments did also not differ between regions. It was 72,5 ?m.year-1. Shells of individuals originated from Rokytnice and Újezdský potok reached the highest age and had the greatest annual increments. Shells of individuals originated from Zlatý potok reached the lowest age and their annual increments were the lowest.
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Antimicrobial activity of bacteria isolated from Pectinatella magnifica
Holečková, Karolína ; Vlková, Eva (advisor) ; Geigerová, Martina (referee)
The thesis is comprised of two parts. The first part is dedicated to the literature search, overview, which is focuses on the summary of information that was previously found not only about the life and reproduction of freshwater bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica, but also the importance of marine species bryozoans. Furthermore, importance of antimicrobial active substances and most commonly used laboratory methods for determination of microbial activity are shown in the report characteristics. The aim of the review was to summarize the most important facts underlying the experimental hypothesis described in the second part of this work. The reason for testing the antimicrobial activity of symbiotic bacteria isolated from Pectinatella magnifica is that antimicrobial activity of symbiotic bacteria and also bryozoans´ extracts were demonstrated in the marine bryozoans. Because of this, deeper knowledge of these largely unknown animals has become of high importance. Bacteria isolated from Pectinatella magnifica colonies collected in 2012 and 2013 in South Bohemia were tested for their antimicrobial aktivity against many strains of bacteria. Diffusion method was chosen for testing of the antimicrobial activity. Instead of application by paper disks, method using holes into solid agar was used. Into these holes, precisely selected volume of the supernatant of bacterial isolates has been dosed. In total, 170 supernatants were tested against 80 strains of bacteria. In the case of supernatant containing antimicrobial substances produced by the tested bacteria, an inhibition zone around the hole would be created. The antimicrobial activity has been confirmed in three cases while testing supernatant of symbiotic bacteria Aeromonas veronii and Pseudomonas moraviensis against strains of clostridia. Furthermore, it has also been confirmed, that Aeromonas veronii inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas moraviensis. In the remaining studied isolates, antimicrobial activity suppressing the growth of test bacteria has not been confirmed.
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Angelmanův syndrom - etiologie a klinický obraz onemocnění
HOLEČKOVÁ, Karolína
Angelman syndrome (Happy puppet syndrome) is a rare genetic disease. It is a microdeletion syndrome, mostly caused by maternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13, or by paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15, or by other mutation (for example mutations in UBE3A gene). Angelman syndrome was first described in 1965 by Harry Angelman, an English pediatrician. It is estimated that this disease occurs in 1 in 10 000 to 1 in 30 000 individuals. The syndrome is characterised by severe mental retardation, underdeveloped speech or absent (rather nonverbal expression is used), motor skills problems (stiff walk, jerky movements, reminiscent of puppet), happy mood and unreasonable fits of laughter. There are epileptic seizures, attention deficit disorder, abnormal EEG, hypotonia or microcephaly in approximately 80 % of cases.
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