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Imaging methods in assesment of the scoliotic children spine deformities
HLADÍKOVÁ, Ilona
Long-term effects of static load and lack of physical activity in children leads to the formation of poor posture, which is nowadays more and more often. Orthopedic deformity arising in childhood is usually reflected the after-effects in adulthood. It is useful and important these deformities early recognition and capture in order to prevent the progression of many diseases. In that radiology has an irreplaceable role. The work entitled " Imaging the investigation scoliosis spinal child deformity" approaching the issue of damage to children´s spine scoliosis mainly children, and thein investigation by imaging methods. At the beginning of my work, I reminded the anatomy and physiology of the spine. Then I described the division and types of scoliosis. The rapid development of imaging techniques and new in the last few decades have brought about changes in imaging the spine. I described the principle of the methods that are applied in the examination of the spine. Great progress for the entire radiology and changes in working practices radiology assistants brought digitization. Therefore, for the mention in my work and I compare it with conventional analog radiology. Investigation of children have thein own characteristics and pediatric radiology I devoted a separate chapter. In chapter radiation protection, I described the basic principles of protection against harmful ionizing radiation, I mentioned the valid legislation, the basic units and quantities in radiation protection. The aim of my thesis is to test children´s scoliosis spine, to compare the frequency of examination methods of diagnosis. As the second goal I set to compare the radiation exposure in children´s spine examination on an analog meter compared to tests on digital devices. The first objective is building on the hypothesis that even today, despite the development of new diagnostic methods such as CT, MR, ultrasound, radiographic examination remains the priority children´s spine. The second objective I hypothesized that due to the digitization of the radiation dose to the patient during the examination decreased. Quantitative research was conducted at University Hospital Motol. Number of examined children´s backbone has shown that the vast majority of children with deformities of the spine radiography was investigated. Hypothesis number one is hereby confirmed. To meet the second objective, I selected group of 30 children diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis, which in 2008 was on the unit Chiralux 2 (6a) conducted an analog image of the spine. In the same way, I chose a group of 30 children examined in the first half of 2013 on the same site digital radiography unit at Siemens Ysio 2 Fluorospot Compact. This was possible because in 2009 there was a baby Radiodiagnostics FN Motol direct digitization. The parameters used in tests I averaged a further mathematically processed. Hypothesis number two was also fulfilled, since calculations have shown that the examination of the spine digital radiography, radiation to the child about 31,3% lower. In my work I have in addition included the calculation of radiation doses received by the mammary gland during radiographic examination of the spine in the AP and PA projection. It turned out that the values are significantly different. This finding is in terms of radiation protection relatively important, since the ICRP in its recommendation to increase the value of tissue weighting factor for the mammary gland. Investigation of children imaging using ionizing radiation is the radiation dose to the child. Radiology assistant by its qualified work experience and contribute to this burden is as low as possible.
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