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Influence of stress on women during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Karolína
The subject of interest of this bachelor thesis is the impact of stress factors to women's health during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. The first aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out what is the most common stress cause for women during upmentioned periods. The second aim was to explore the women's ability to cope with stress. This thesis is divided into two parts - teoretical and practical. The theoretical part provides information about pregnancy characteristics (its duration, symptoms, signs and changes in the female body and organs during pregnancy). In subchapters related to pregnancy is the attention paid to prenatal diagnosis and stress factors during graviditas. The theoretical part also includes information about childbirth and its detailed periods. The subchapters considering childbirth provide summary of preparations for a delivery and the stress sources during the act itselves. The theoretical part also deals with the information about puerperium. This part is devided into subchapters which také into account breastfeeding difficulties, newborn care, stress factors affecting women in the puerperium, and psychological changes of women during puerperium. The final passage of the theoretical chapter discusses the definition of stress. The description of midwife role is possible to be found in each subchapter. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis founds its basis on a qualitative research in the form of individual semi-structured interviews. The survey was held from February to April 2021 and the group of analysed specimens consisted of 11 women not earlier than two months after they gave birth. To make the research anonymous the women were marked Ž1 - Ž11. All the interviews were held at the women's household with their approval. The research was going on in a covid-19 epidemic era, therefore all the restrictions such as face mask wearing and two meter distancing must have been kept during the visits. All the dialogues have been recorded, literally rewritten and analysed with women's assent. All the reached data have been treated by open coding, "pencil and paper" method (Švaříček et al., 2014). As the main categories for purpose of data evaluation have been marked: Pregnancy stress, birth stress, post-partum stress and their appropriate subcategories. The topics mentioned in "Pregnancy stress" are Covid-19 pandemic, partner's support, maternity clinic attendance and antenatal course. Aspects affecting the birth itselves are maternity hospital staff behaviour and partner's presence in the delivery room. The last category includes themes of breastfeeding and newborn care. On basis of the first, previously discussed, goal of this bachelor thesis was established the question which considers what is the most common stress cause during pregnancy, birth and six weeks post-partum. The result of this research indicates, that the women are most often stressed out because of the current coronavirus pandemic situation and prenatal diagnosis. The women are also worried about miscarriage or preterm birth. As the reasons of stress during the delivery were indicated hospital staff bad behaviour or a fear of being lonely and experiencing the feelings without partners. The investigation on the last category displays that over the post-partum period the women are worried about breastfeeding difficulties and insufficient childcare skills.The second question of the research followed up in what ways the stress impacts the women. From the survey it is possible to ascertain that all the involved women, except Ž1 were not affected by the stress in a long-term run. The specimen "Ž1" stated that her postnatal feelings and stresses had made her to shut herself off from her surroundings.The results of this bachelor thesis could be possibly used for scholar seminar purposes as a source of information for midwives. The other possible usage for this document would be a provision of needed information for pregnant women.
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