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Analýza různých technologií odchovu telat
HAMPLOVÁ, Michaela
In cattle breeding, it is necessary to pay great attention to calves, especially to the quality of their housing. Calf rearing is one of the riskiest parts of the whole breed. This requires a thorough development of biological, nutritional, ethological and technological factors of breeding. The aim of this thesis was to compare two different ways of housing calves (individually vs. pairs) in roofed outdoor individual boxes with feedeng twice a day and evaluate their influence on the course of growth and health from birth to weaning. The experiment was carried out at the Číčov farm, which i sone of the centers of Alimex a.s. Nezvěstice, farming in the district of Plzeň - South. The actual monitoring of the calves took place from 1. 1. 2018 to 31. 7. 2018. Both groups of calves included in the experiment were fed the same amount of feed (native milk, milk replacer, TMR). Each group had the same number of pieces - 12 calves (heifers) of the Holstein cattle breed. At the end of the reporting period, calves that were raised together in pairs at average weight of 227.17 kg during the dairy period, while calves reared individually during the same period reached a final weight of 215 kg. The average daily increase in calves with a common rearing was 0.89 kg, in calves of the second group this value was lower, namely 0.83 kg. However, tthe difference between the mean final weights of both groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). All calves included tn the exxperiment were fed with appropriate quality colostrum (immunoglobulin content of 100 g/l or more) within 2 hours of delivery. Immunity of all experimental calves was sufficient, so the level of immunoglobulins did not fall below 50 g/l, with more than 85 % of calves having an immunoglobulin content above 55 g/l. In calves reared individually during the experiment, diarrhea was noted in three animals and respiratory disease in four animals. In rearing together, there was diarrhea in five calves. Respiratory disease occured in four calves. In both experimental groups of calves, it was observed that immediately after drinking, the animals were mutually sucking mules, but the calves housed together with a lower frequency also licked the polypropylene plates separating the VIB and nibbled empty buckets.
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