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The statistical investigation of selected tasks in protection of the population in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants
HAJÍČKOVÁ, Iva
The thesis deals with statistical investigation of selected tasks in population protection in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants.The issues of population protection have been developing since 1930s up to now.Currently,the population protection is addressed particularly in concepts of population protection,while the most recent one is the Population Protection Concept until 2020 with an Outlook to 2030.The objective of the thesis was to compare awareness of the population in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants.With regard to a potential extraordinary event,in this case a radiation accident,the awareness of the population plays a significant role.The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes population protection,legal regulations and documents dealing with this topic.It also defines measures in population protection which seek to mitigate impact of extraordinary events or emergency situations on health and lives of the population,property and the environment.The thesis also mentions emergency planning and describes types of emergency plans.The second section of the theoretical part describes selected statistical methods.The last chapter of the theoretical part describes methods of multidimensional statistics.The following hypotheses and partial hypotheses were formulated in the research part of the thesis to meet its objective: H1 There is no statistically significant difference between the emergency planning zone of the nuclear power plant Temelín and the emergency planning zone of the nuclear power plant Dukovany.H11 There is no statistically significant difference in awareness among men about a potential extraordinary event at NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany.H12 There is no statistically significant difference in awareness among women about a potential extraordinary event at NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany. H2 The awareness of the population in emergency planning zones of both the nuclear power plants has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H21 The awareness of the population (men) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Temelín has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H22 The awareness of the population (women) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Temelín has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H23 The awareness of the population (men) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Dukovany has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H24 The awareness of the population (women) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Dukovany has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.All the formulated hypotheses were tested with methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The research was conducted with questionnaires handed out in the emergency planning zones of NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany.The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions and it was filled out by 242 men and 270 women in the zones.All data used in the research were provided to me within the project "Population protection depending of differentiation of the population" safety survey (VG20132015122) performed at the department of radiology,toxicology and population protection at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in cooperation with the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic.Results of the research have shown that the average awareness of the population living in the emergency planning zones of the nuclear power plants is less than 50% and that the knowledge of the population about a potential extraordinary event is not satisfactory.The population living in emergency planning zones of both the nuclear power plants could be exceptionally prepared for a potential non-standard situation, not only in the form of a Gauss curve.
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Pre-hospital emergency care of patients with carbon monoxide intoxication
HAJÍČKOVÁ, Iva
The bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of the pre-hospital emergency urgent care for patients poisoned by the carbon monoxide. This issue has been known already for a number of years, but only in the last time it started to be presented more frequently in media. The carbon monoxide is a colourless gas which is not recognizable by senses. It comes into being as a secondary product of the not perfect combustion of the carbonaceous substances. The seriousness of these symptoms depends on the intensity of intoxication. The target of this thesis was to map the issue of treating the client with the suspect of poisoning by carbon monoxide from the viewpoint of the Medical Rescue Service and other components of the Integrated Rescue System. Moreover I verified the knowledge of lay public in connection with the intoxication by carbon monoxide. The research took place in the form of half-managed talks with the medical rescuer and physicians of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. The same research procedure was carried out in the Firemen Corps of the South Bohemian Region. The respondents were asked eight questions finding out how many cases of the carbon monoxide intoxication they encountered in their practice, what the most frequent reasons caused the intoxication and what care was provided to the intoxicated persons. Among the lay public, the knowledge was established by the survey method. Also this research complex consisted of nine respondents, having been addressed accidentally in the schools, during travelling in town, in business centres and during sport events. Most frequently were among the enquired persons: students, also a nurse or deputy director of a company. The respondents answered seven pre-printed questions. The sense of these questions was to find out if at least a small part of the lay public has some idea of the intoxication of the carbon monoxide. If they ever encountered the intoxication by the carbon monoxide, how they would behave in this situation and in what way they would provide the first aid. In both parts of the research, the results are presented in the charts, to have a better survey. In has turned out in the talks concerning the occurrence of the intoxication by the carbon monoxide that the length of practice is not very important, because also the persons working in the branch for a longer time have no such high number of interventions concerning intoxication by the carbon monoxide as some of their colleagues working in practice only several years. Moreover it was established that the most cases of intoxication appeared in connection with geyser and subsequently during fires. The health state of affected persons ranged from the light intoxication up to very heavy intoxication with the subsequent death. Depending on these states, the experts provided the adequate pre-hospital care completed subsequently in the hospital facility. It turned out that although the most respondents were not able to say if the number of intoxications by the carbon monoxide has been increasing or decreasing, their answers are identical in the most cases and indicate that their number has been rather decreasing Concerning the lay public, only a small part of respondents was interviewed and the result of research cannot be quantified. This part of the research has shown that although nobody of the enquired persons encountered the intoxication by the carbon dioxide, the respondents know in the most cases how they should behave in case of the intoxication and in what way the first aid should be provided. The most frequent source of their information of carbon monoxide intoxication and the first aid was the knowledge acquired during studies. Further details concerning the research are specified in more detail in the discussion. The general awareness of people concerning the intoxication is on a good level thanks to education and media.
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