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The influence of ethnic attitudes and stereotypes in nursing care
FUKOVÁ, Jitka
In multicultural societies, life brings many pitfalls. Ethnic attitudes and stereotypes, which influence the behavior of the majority society towards minorities, are deeply rooted in every society. These attitudes and stereotypes do not shy away from medical staff who must provide care to clients of different ethnicities by their cultural, social, and spiritual needs. This thesis aimed to ascertain whether ethnic attitudes and stereotypes influence the nursing care of Roma and Vietnamese ethnic minorities, what factors influence the emergence of attitudes towards selected ethnic minorities, and whether the approach of nurses to nursing care of Roma and Vietnamese minorities is and where are differences. Hypotheses: H1: The negative attitudes of nurses towards the Roma minority based on their different attitudes to life rather than on based on their different physical appearance. H2: Sisters' negative attitudes towards the Vietnamese minority arise from their different attitudes to life, rather than from their different physical appearance. H3: In nursing care, nurses take a more positive attitude towards the Vietnamese minority than towards the Roma minority. H4: Nurses with stereotypes of the Roma minority in nursing care try to have minimal physical contact with clients of this ethnic group than nurses without stereotypes. H5: University-educated nurses, based on greater knowledge, are less influenced by ethnic attitudes manifested in nursing care for clients of ethnic minorities than secondary-educated nurses. Quantitative research was used for the implementation of the research survey and the elaboration of the practical part of the diploma thesis. The method of questioning in the form of a questionnaire with a set of closed questions was chosen. 216 questionnaires were used for statistical processing. The selection criteria were persons working in the position of general nurses of inpatient departments in five medical facilities in the South Bohemian Region. From the available results of the research survey, it was found that general nurses are widely aware of the existence of ethnic attitudes and stereotypes. It was shown that these attitudes have been formed to a large extent since childhood in the family and the emergence of the respondents attitudes was significantly influenced by personal experience with ethnicity. According to the obtained results, university-educated nurses are more influenced by ethnic attitudes than secondary school-educated nurses, nevertheless, they state that studying at a university has influenced their attitude towards selected minorities, especially they report obtaining more information. Furthermore, the survey found that the approach of nurses in the provision of nursing care to the Roma and Vietnamese minorities is different, respondents state a more positive attitude and approach to the Vietnamese minority than to the Roma. The nurses express their negative attitudes mainly by inappropriate statements and thoughts about members of these ethnic groups and also by an effort for minimal physical contact. H1-the hypothesis was confirmed. H2-the hypothesis was not confirmed. H3-the hypothesis was confirmed. H4-the hypothesis was confirmed. H5-the hypothesis was not confirmed. The results showed that ethnic attitudes in the provision of nursing care affect almost half of the respondents and in the case of ethnic stereotypes only one third of the respondents. These attitudes have been formed to a large extent since childhood in the family and to a large extent the personal experience of the respondents with ethnicity. University-educated nurses are more influenced by ethnic attitudes than high school-educated nurses. This thesis can be used as a tool to achieve greater awareness of nurses about this issue or as a basis for creating presentations for professional conferences in order to gradually reduce the influence of ethnic attitudes and stereotypes on the provision of nursing care.
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Problems of Keeping Non Pharmacological Treatment Measures by Clients with Arterial Hypertension
FUKOVÁ, Jitka
Hypertension is a very common cardiovascular disease. About 20-25 % of population in developed countries suffer from this problem. Long-term hypertension involves higher risk of myocardial infarction, celebrovascular accident, renal failure or eye problems. The treatment starts from non-farmacological measures connected with healthy living. The patients should stop smoking, reduce sodium, alcohol and animal fat intake, lose weight, avoid stress and improve physical training. The aim of this work is to find out if hypertensive patients know non-pharmacological measures and if they follow them. Two hypotheses were stated at the beginning: A questionnare as a quantitative research strategy was used in this work. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. The results were grafically processed. The questionnaire was distributed to hypertensive patients of hospital wards in Písek, cardiological clinic in Písek and general practitioners in Písek and Milevsko. The number of respondents involved in the research was 111. Hypothesis 1: Hypertensive patients do not know non-pharmacological treatment measures. Hypothesis 2: Hypertensive patients do not follow non-pharmacological measures. Analysing the data, hypertensive patients know the non-pharmacological measures very well, hypertensive patients do not follow them. Hypothesis 1 was refuted and hypothesis 2 was proved. The analysis will be offered to cooperative hospital wards and general practitioners so that it can contribute to better secondary prevention of hypertensive patients.
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