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Using wraps in the care of newborn, suckling
FUČÍKOVÁ, Ivana
The use of wraps in the care of newborns and infants. The thesis deals with the use of wraps suitable for newborns and infants. Wraps are used particulary to calm down children. Because swaddling of a child imitates the strength and tightness of their mother's womb, children are mostly feeling calmly and safely. There are many wraps on the market, like blankets, classic lace-wraps, cocoons and wraps specially developed for restless and teary children. The goal of the thesis was to find out what knowledge have parents of children about swaddling, which wraps do they use and effect of swaddling on children. We have tried to verify the effects of swaddling in practice. In this thesis, we used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, interview techniques, and action research. The qualitative part of the research took the form of an unstructured interview. The sample for this interview was 33 mothers who had to answer open questions. The results of the interview were manually written to the printed record sheets. The interviewed responders were individually asked in their homes, in cafes and children's clubs. At first was completed the basic respondents information like their age, education level, place of residence and number of children and their age during their first pregnancy. Then we proceeded to talk about swaddling children to varienty types of wraps. We asked questions related to the type used wraps, swaddling style, usage time of wraps. We also asked about what for effect had swaddling on a child, whether the child calmed down, slept or remained teary. The collected personal information we processed statistically to help us to determine the answer to our hypothesis. Action research was applied on 4 children and one pair of twins in their home environment. Prior to that, their parents agreed with the research. We agreed that during the research will be present at least one parent. Parents received a record sheet on which they could write down when the child had trouble sleeping, or falling asleep and how much did the child cry. Based on their statements and notes we have devised a way to help the child to fall asleep or calm down. Parents got recommended specialized literature on swaddling, which they could later study. For swaddling we had the opportunity to use more types of wraps, according to the wish of parents, especially with best regards for the child, because each individual requires a specific type of swaddling and different wraps. Together with parents, we chose a wrap for the day or night and we wrapped the baby up and observed how it goes. Parents then following days wrapped up the children themselves and told us about how the child behaves during swaddling and whether was there a desired effect. After a month, we met parents again and personally summarized the effects of wraps on their baby and the changes that occurred after swaddling. Results: In the qualitative survey, we found out that most parents use wraps to calm down and soothe the child. Most mothers reported using quick wraps, classic lace wraps or a combination of both. Half of the surveyed mothers said that after using wraps were their children calmer. The remaining third of the mothers said that swaddling helped to let their children to sleep better. Children of the remaining respondents did not feel well during swaddling and they were more teary and restless. Questions regarding age, education and place of residence showed that more than half of respondents have completed education with graduation, a third of mothers have an university degree. The youngest mother was at the time of our research 21 years old, the oldest was aged 38 years, the average age of mothers was 28.2 years. In the question regarding the residence, we found out that 19 of the interviewed mothers were living in a town and the remaining number, 14, were living in the smaller village.
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Prevention of dental caries in children of primary school age
FUČÍKOVÁ, Ivana
Theoretical background of the thesis: The attitude towards dental hygiene is very important from early childhood. Great influence on proper dental hygiene of children is not only imposed by the family but also by the dentist, who is doing regular preventive check-ups in collaboration with his nurse. The goal of this thesis is to provide an insight into the knowledge of dental hygiene with children, and to observe how they put this knowledge into practice. The Method: this thesis concludes a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, interviewing techniques and observation. The quantitative survey was conducted by interviewing and using a questionnaire survey among fourth and fifth grade children at primary schools in Jemnice and in Dačice. The questionnaire was filled in by 85 students. The response rate was 100%. All questionnaires were transcribed into electronic form and the results were written into graphs. The statistical processing was performed subsequently. The qualitative method consisted of observations of three children aged six, eight and nine and it was followed by an interview with them. The children were secretly observed for two days without any education, then they were educated in the surveyed area, the oral hygiene. For the education professional literature was used. Children's diets, methods of dental hygiene and most importantly dental equipment used for everyday routine were observed on all days. The day after the education the children were observed again. Another observation took place a week after education and was focused on the same area. After observation children individually responded to 22 given questions related to food, dental hygiene, dental tools, check-ups and fear thereof.
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