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Vitamins and dietary supplements in the nutrition of patients with hematopoietic disorders
Chmelařová, Elen ; Dusílková, Nina Borisovna (advisor) ; Faltusová, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the possible beneficial effects of vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements that could positively influence the course of treatment of blood cancers. In addition to vitamins and minerals, dietary supplements for the purposes of this thesis include various food supplements that can be purchased in pharmacies, as well as foods or spices, herbs and mushrooms that can be purchased in regular grocery stores. The main objective of the study was to find out whether patients take any of these selected supplements during treatment. The secondary aim of this work was to get an idea about the patients' awareness, their choice of food supplements that they purchase and how they themselves evaluate the effect of these supplements on their health status. The theoretical part deals with the brief characteristics of the most common haemato- oncological diseases of patients visiting the specialist departments of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague (VFN). In the theoretical part, this thesis also deals with a total of 57 different supplements (9 vitamins, 6 minerals, 15 food supplements and 27 different foods, spices, herbs and mushrooms) that could have positive effects in the treatment of these serious diseases, as reported in the scientific literature and also in the popular...
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Nutrition during home hemodialysis treatment
Fialová, Petra ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Dusílková, Nina Borisovna (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Nutrition of patients treated with home haemodialysis" deals with the analysis of diet and eating habits of patients treated with home haemodialysis. The aim of the thesis is to show that patients treated with home haemodialysis can follow a more moderate dietary restriction, thrive better and lead an active life. In the theoretical part I discuss the types of dialysis and their principles, complications of dialysis treatment, quality of life of dialysis patients and last but not least nutrition in different stages of kidney disease and dialysed patients. In the practical part, I based the results on structured questionnaires containing 20 questions and a detailed weekly menu. All 5 dialysis patients of the dialysis centre who are treated by home haemodialysis participated in the quantitative survey. The results of the survey showed that patients perceive a difference in their diet compared to conventional dialysis, with 60% of patients saying that they do not have to restrict themselves as much and 40% of patients even saying that they do not restrict themselves at all. Patients report these differences mainly in the amount of beverages, vegetables and fruits consumed. During the research, patients had normal laboratory results, felt better, experienced less fatigue and led a...
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Family influence on the consumption of sugary drinks by preschoolers
Moravcová, Marie ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Dusílková, Nina Borisovna (referee)
This work focus on the influence of the family on the consumption of sweetened beverages in preschool children. Due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population, it is necessary to find new ways to actively prevent this trend. The theoretical part of the thesis focus on the causes and effects of overweight and obesity. It analyzes uncontrollable influences, such as genetics, or racial and ethnic differences. Also influences that can be influenced, where we can include, socioeconomic status, eating habits, and the consumption of sugary drinks, physical activity, sleep, stress or family influences. The family has a great influence on the child and his life from early childhood. Positive and negative as well. Many studies have already been published, that looked at the connections between the family's socioeconomic situation, place of residence, inappropriate diet, excessive consumption of sugary drinks, little physical activity and the likelihood of becoming overweight and obese. Several of them are mentioned in this work. It is necessary to spread the results of these studies among the lay public and try to motivate them to change bad habits in the population. The experimental work focus on a questionnaire survey, in which it was determined whether there is a correlation between...
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Study of the regulatory properties of oncogenic microRNAs under normal and pathologically altered conditions in order to detect new tumors.
Dusílková, Nina Borisovna ; Stopka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Machová Poláková, Kateřina (referee) ; Rohoň, Peter (referee)
Oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that inhibit post-translational regulatory mechanisms at the epigenetic level. miRNAs are often deregulated in malignancies and due to their stability are detectable in non-cellular fractions of peripheral blood. In our laboratory, we have performed several studies that have investigated and utilized miRNAs as biomarkers for various hematological tumors (e.g., chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin`s lymphoma) and solid tumors (e.g., breast cancer). The aim of these studies was to find the association of miRNAs with pathophysiological and clinical aspects of each disease. Here, we confirmed the importance of particular miRNA or its complex during disease monitoring. Combining clinical, molecular biological and statistical analyses, we were able to find miRNA sets that fulfilled not only a diagnostic role but also a prognostic role beyond expectations. The main focus of this thesis is on the investigation of microRNAs in the diagnosis of a hematological malignancy - primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Tumor specificity of some miRNAs has been demonstrated. Their aberrant expression in tissue samples of CTCL patients obtained from skin biopsies, correctly distinguished malignant disease from control samples of benign skin lesions. Here, we...
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