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Predatory Pricing in Transport Sector: Case Study of the STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o.
Dobiáš, Adam ; Vacek, Pavel (advisor) ; Vaško, Dan (referee)
Predatory Pricing in Transport Sector: Case Study of the STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o. Abstract This paper deals with predatory pricing in transport sector. A situation when one company sells its product at a very low price, intending to illegally drive competitors out of the market. Aim of this paper is to discuss mentioned issues in transport sector and to explain methods of solving predatory cases according to the newest guidelines of the European Commission, national competition au- thorities and national courts. Market delineation, dominance determination and predation cost analysis is discussed. Not only theoretical aspect of predatory behaviour and its impact on competition but also a detection of predatory pri- cing by authorities is discussed. Special attention to the specifics of transport sector is given. The core of this paper is an analysis of STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o. case from year 2008, when mentioned company was accused of predatory pricing on their bus line Praha-Brno. Keywords predatory pricing, antitrust, competition, re- levant market, dominance, transportation, SS- NIP test, Reverse Cellophane Fallacy, Office for the Protection of Competition, STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o.
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Observing Globalization using the Gravity Model of Trade
Dobiáš, Adam ; Paulus, Michal (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis investigates application of the gravity model of international trade on measuring a distance coefficient, which is known to be a proxy to globalization. This estimation is performed on a dataset containing information on EU 27 countries through the years 1996 to 2014. The presence of 10 post- communist countries enabled the author to perform the estimation on transformative economies, which had been isolated from their western trade partners for over 40 years. The division of the dataset into the Western and Eastern Blocs enabled measurement of convergence of the intra-blocs trade - the second goal of this thesis. This measurement was done through newly introduced intra-blocs trade variables that enabled measurements of both directions of trade. Through the application of this model on 10 sections, these measurements could be performed on single trade components. The analysis shows a substantial heterogeneity between single sections both in distance coefficient and inter-blocs trade. An increase in the level of globalization was observed in 9 out of 10 sections and convergence of some sections between the blocs was also found. Finally, globalization was found to progress with varying speed within single SITC sections during periods of economic crises. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Observing Globalization using the Gravity Model of Trade
Dobiáš, Adam ; Paulus, Michal (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis investigates application of the gravity model of international trade on measuring a distance coefficient, which is known to be a proxy to globalization. This estimation is performed on a dataset containing information on EU 27 countries through the years 1996 to 2014. The presence of 10 post- communist countries enabled the author to perform the estimation on transformative economies, which had been isolated from their western trade partners for over 40 years. The division of the dataset into the Western and Eastern Blocs enabled measurement of convergence of the intra-blocs trade - the second goal of this thesis. This measurement was done through newly introduced intra-blocs trade variables that enabled measurements of both directions of trade. Through the application of this model on 10 sections, these measurements could be performed on single trade components. The analysis shows a substantial heterogeneity between single sections both in distance coefficient and inter-blocs trade. An increase in the level of globalization was observed in 9 out of 10 sections and convergence of some sections between the blocs was also found. Finally, globalization was found to progress with varying speed within single SITC sections during periods of economic crises. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Predatory Pricing in Transport Sector: Case Study of the STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o.
Dobiáš, Adam ; Vacek, Pavel (advisor) ; Vaško, Dan (referee)
Predatory Pricing in Transport Sector: Case Study of the STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o. Abstract This paper deals with predatory pricing in transport sector. A situation when one company sells its product at a very low price, intending to illegally drive competitors out of the market. Aim of this paper is to discuss mentioned issues in transport sector and to explain methods of solving predatory cases according to the newest guidelines of the European Commission, national competition au- thorities and national courts. Market delineation, dominance determination and predation cost analysis is discussed. Not only theoretical aspect of predatory behaviour and its impact on competition but also a detection of predatory pri- cing by authorities is discussed. Special attention to the specifics of transport sector is given. The core of this paper is an analysis of STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o. case from year 2008, when mentioned company was accused of predatory pricing on their bus line Praha-Brno. Keywords predatory pricing, antitrust, competition, re- levant market, dominance, transportation, SS- NIP test, Reverse Cellophane Fallacy, Office for the Protection of Competition, STUDENT AGENCY, s.r.o.
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