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Effect of dysbiosis on proportion of particular neutrophil subsets and their functional capacities
Sklenářová, Lydie ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining physiological balance and influences metabolic processes, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of microbial composition, is associated with a range of health complications, including chronic inflammatory conditions such as non-specific intestinal inflammations. Inflammatory processes associated with dysbiosis and changes in microbial metabolites can directly affect the activation of neutrophils, impacting the pathogenesis of various diseases. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, offer the potential for positive modulation of these inflammatory conditions The aim of this thesis was to explore how experimentally induced intestinal dysbiosis affects the heterogeneity of neutrophils in the bone marrow. Dysbiosis was induced by administering antibiotics to mice, which were subsequently treated with the probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83). Neutrophil phenotypes were assessed using flow cytometry based on the expression of surface markers CD11b, Ly6G, CD62L, and CXCR2. Meanwhile, gene expression related to their antimicrobial functions and the inflammatory environment was analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results...
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Origin and regulation of intraepithelial CD4+CD8a+ T-cells induction by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Pacáková, Iva ; Dobeš, Jan (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Ondřej (referee)
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are member of mice intestinal microbiota with very unique life strategy involving tight interaction with the host's intestinal epithelium. This association with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induces strong immune response characterized by Th17-mediated immune response. However, recent findings revealed that SFB induce also huge accumulation of CD4+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) by the upregulation of MHCII expression on IECs in an IFN-dependent manner. Likewise to SFB, Lactobacillus reuteri was recently found to have a similar capacity of IELs induction. In contrast to SFB, L.reuteri induces IELs through the activation of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by its ligands, which originate from the metabolism of tryptophan amino acid. Moreover, L.reuteri cannot induce IELs by itself and needs a complex microbiota for this induction. However, if these two bacteria can cooperate in the induction of IELs remains unknown. This thesis focuses on the interaction of SFB and L.reuteri in the context of IELs induction and investigates the contribution of each bacteria to the IELs phenotype. Data presented in my thesis indicate that SFB induce accumulation of IELs, however, interaction of SFB and L.reuteri induce full cytotoxic activation and vesicle secretion...
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The role of Rorγt+ antigen presenting cells in peripheral tolerance to microbiota
Arutsev, Savva ; Dobeš, Jan (advisor) ; Somova, Veronika (referee)
The intestinal immune system needs mechanisms that provide a balance between suppression and tolerance to microbiota, regulating beneficial and inhibiting pathogenic ones. One such mechanism is based on microbiota-specific Rorγt+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), which can regulate immunity upon recognition of a specific antigen. Rorγt+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have been hypothesized to promote microbiota-specific Tregs development, but the specific mechanism was poorly understood until recently. In my bachelor thesis I provide an introduction to Tregs biology, compare and review in detail studies indicating a possible role of lymphoid tissue inducers like group 3 innate lymphoid cells, Janus cells and newly discovered Thetis cells in the generation of Rorγt+ Tregs as well as a possible molecular mechanism based on the integrins Itgav and Itgb8.
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Renewal of a social house in Zlobice
Dobeš, Jan ; Muroň, Ivo (referee) ; Ležatka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šuhajda, Karel (advisor)
The subject of the bachelor's thesis is the reconstruction of a historic building in the village of Zlobice and the addition of a municipal office together with premises for technical services of the village. This project is a continuation of the subject AG034 Studio of Architectural Creation 4 - restoration of monuments. The solved object was built in the 1920s. Originally, it had only one floor. It is located in the heart of the original village. It is part of a terraced development of country houses. At the turn of the 20th and 21st century, a part with a bathroom and an apartment for the administrator was added to the building. During this period, the second floor was rebuilt and 3 apartments were built here, one of which is in very good, well-preserved condition. The design seeks to complete the courtyard of the building to its original condition according to historical documents. The extension with bathroom and apartment for the administrator will be removed. It will be replaced by the municipal office building and the technical services building, which is perpendicular to the office. The first floor of the historic building will be used for social and representative events of the village. One room is reserved for the clubhouse. The second floor of the historic building will have the village as a possible social housing. The largest apartment is reserved for the building manager. The courtyard is closed by a building that serves the purposes of the adjacent park. The former forest park was transformed into two areas separated by a path. On one side are residential terraces. On other side, an auditorium and parquet space is created for possible outdoor events.
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Path Planning in the OpenStreet Map
Dobeš, Jan ; Luža, Radim (referee) ; Rozman, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis investigates possible route planning methods in OpenStreet map and Robot operating system (ROS framework), investigates already existing solutions and then implements well integrated own library with own planning algorithms and other improvements. Finally, implemented features are verified.
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Quality Management system for the calibration of linear gauges
Dobeš, Jan ; Koška, Petr (referee) ; Pernikář, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issues of calibration of gauges. The aim of the thesis is to create detailed calibration procedures and examplary measurements of selected types of length gauges. These gauges are gauge blocks, dial indicator, caliper, micrometer. This measuring was implemented in the calibration laboratory TM Technik s. r. o., where autor could obtain experiences from employees and discuss with them about these topics.
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Diversity of CD8+ T-cell adaptive immune responses
Paprčková, Darina ; Štěpánek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee) ; Gerrard, Audrey (referee)
CD8+ T cells are specialized immune cells that recognize and eliminate infected or malignant cells by directly attacking and destroying them. Moreover, their ability to form long-lasting memory responses ensures a rapid immune defense upon subsequent encounters with the same pathogens, making them indispensable for overall immune system function and maintaining health. Despite all of this, many aspects of their biology are still not well understood. The main objective of this thesis is to delve deeply into the adaptive immune responses of CD8+ T cells, focusing on elucidating several critical aspects. Firstly, we conducted a review and a research study of T-cell receptor (TCR) self-reactivity to understand its influence on immune responses. Intriguingly, experimental findings revealed that the degree of TCR self-reactivity did not impact the magnitude or type of the immune response. Instead, it played a decisive role in determining the fate commitment of CD8+ T cells in the periphery during homeostasis, shedding light on a nuanced regulatory mechanism. Another part of the research probed into per-cell differences of activated naïve and memory T cells. This investigation unveiled the remarkable potency of memory T cells to generate long- lived effector memory T cells. In contrast, naïve T cells...
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Effects of gluten-free diet on immune parameters in Parkinson's disease
Jandová, Mônica ; Funda, David (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
Tato studie zkoumá možné, i malé, vlivy bezlepkové diety v porovnání se standardní dietou na rozvoj Parkinsonovi nemoci s využitím 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinem (MPTP) indukovaném myším modelu Parkinsonovi nemoci, a samců kmene C57Bl6. Tento výzkum zahrnuje zavedení jak akutního tak chronického myšího MPTP modelu, a řadu navazujících flow cytometrických analýz zaměřených na regulační T buňky, cytokiny - interleukin 10 (IL-10) a interferon gama (IFN-), gamma/delta T buňky, a NK buňky ve slizničních a sytémových lyfatických orgánech. Pro posouzení vlivu na chování jse použili test otevřeného pole, který nám umožnil posoudit lokomotorickou aktivitu a explorativní chování myší v závislosti na podávané dietě. Dále jsem použili také imunofluorescenční barveni pro validaci efektu MPTP, které nám poskytlo vizuální potvrzeni neuroanatomických změn indukovaných neurotoxinem. První výsledky naznačují malé ale slibné známky pozitivních efektů bezlepkové diety. Nicméně tyto změny lze pouze opatrně interpretovat, protože je potřeba opakovaných a podrobnějších experimentů k posouzení zazanmenaných efektů. Spojení behaviorálních testů, imunohistologie a imunologických analýz představuje vícečetný metodicky přístup k této problematice, který nám může poodhalit komplexní interakce diety, střeva,...
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Poor care in Příbram from the Josephine reforms to the abolition of serfdom
Syrovátková, Iva ; Dobeš, Jan (advisor) ; Fejtová, Olga (referee)
The bachelor's thesis gets into the functioning of the system of care for the poor through the municipal hospital and the pauper fund, focusing on the environment of the royal mining town Příbram, which is carried out by the municipal government and private charity. The thesis investigates how the poor were provided for and supported, how they integrated into society, what they could afford and where financial support flowed from. KEY WORDS social care | paupers | burgher | charity | beggaring | hospital | Příbram
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