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Essays on International Economics
Nikolovová, Pavla ; Hanousek, Jan (advisor) ; Deardorff, Alan (referee) ; Schmitt, Nicolas (referee)
In the first chapter of this work I propose a simple theoretical model describing how the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a host country influences local competitors within the industry, and subsequently, what is the impact of this change on input sup- plying firms in the upstream sector. The model improves on existing theoretical work by incorporating two previously omitted factors: trade in intermediary goods and het- erogenous efficiency of firms. The main conclusion is that FDI inflow has a potential to increase the demand for intermediary goods, even though some of the old customers among the domestic firms are crowded out from the market. This effect is offset by the increased production of multinational enterprises (MNEs). In the second chapter, I discuss the fact that even though the presence of a foreign firm is considered to have strong potential to improve domestic economic conditions, including the performance of domestic firms within the sector where MNEs enter, empirical studies of the actual impact of FDI inflow on domestic firms present rather ambiguous results. I argue that this is due to some limitations of the most prevalently used methodology, which does not separate the FDI spillover effects from changes in the competitive environment faced by domestic firms. In my research, I...
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Essays on the Globalization of Production and International Trade
Kovaříková Arro, Anu ; Roland, Gérard (advisor) ; Filer, Randall (referee) ; Deardorff, Alan (referee)
This dissertation consists of three essays on the globalization of production and international trade. In the economic literature, globalization has traditionally been represented by international trade, foreign direct investment and factor mobility, although more recently it has also come to relate to the fragmentation of production. Specifically, final good firms fragment their production such that they buy the intermediate products from outside producers, giving rise to horizontally specialized supply chains at separate stages of production.
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