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Radiological terrorism
DRAŽANOVÁ, Kristýna
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of preparedness of the Czech Republic for terrorist attack using radioactive material or source of ionizing radiation. The theoretical part of the thesis presents a basic introduction to the issue of terrorism, with a special emphasis on chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism, it describes the individual types of radiological weapons and represents the categorization of sources of ionizing radiation according to the International Atomic Energy Agency, together with radionuclides identified as potentially risky for terrorist abuse. The analysis in the research part was divided into several parts. It focuses independently on documentation that is being prepared in this area, on the exercise of the crisis management bodies and integrated rescue system units, which took place in several regions of Czech Republic, and on events related to the unauthorized use of radioactive material or sources of ionizing radiation. The last part of the research part is interviews with experts working in the field of preparedness of the Czech Republic for the risk of radiological terrorism. The purpose of the thesis was to collect information on how the Czech Republic is preparing for the risk of radiological terrorism and their subsequent evaluation through qualitative analysis. The results of this analysis show that Czech Republic is preparing for the risk of radiological terrorism in a way, that corresponds to the real risk. Conceptual and methodical materials are being elaborated in the subject area and exercises are carried out, which are attended both by the crisis management bodies and the integrated rescue system component. The technical and material equipment necessary for dealing with extraordinary event, that would arise due to radiological terrorism, is at perfect level. However, greater attention could be paid to the risk of abuse of the sources of ionizing radiation in the form of a radiological weapon of the RED kind (hidden emitter).
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History of serious accidents at nuclear facilities
DRAŽANOVÁ, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis maps all the accidents assessed by the INES scale level 5 and above. It is not only concerning events at nuclear power plants, but also at nuclear weapons production facilities, whose construction preceded the development of the nuclear power plants in several countries. An attention is paid also to the unfortunate event, which was originated as a result of unauthorized manipulation with a part of the radiotherapy device containing radioactive isotopes of caesium 137Cs. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis explains the general concepts, such as radioactivity and ionizing radiation. It distinguishes the types and sources of ionizing radiations and describes its impact on human body. Next, it deals with the concept of nuclear safety, determined supervising authorities and its governing legislation. It also contains a description of the INES scale, which is an international scale used to assess nuclear incidents and accidents. The practical part of this thesis provides an overview of the accidents with a detailed description of their development, the circumstances that led to them and the consequences left behind. The development of the individual accidents is subsequently analysed with a view to discover the underlying causes, and finally compared in order to find possible identical features or similarities. The present thesis was intended to examine the following research question: Is human failure the most frequent cause of nuclear plant accidents?
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