|
|
Cogeneration influence on power industry and power market in Czech Republic
Dudáš, Michal ; Cerman, Marek (referee) ; Macháček, Jan (advisor)
The main goal of this master’s thesis is to find out the impact of future development in combined heat and power technologies, especially the impact on power market in Czech Republic regarding to historical development of photovoltaics and subsidy policy. There are three scenarios of installed power growth designed including calculations of renewable energy source financial fee as well as overall evaluation. The paper also deals with current status of combined heat and power technologies in Czech Republic, European Union and USA as well as legislature framework of CHP in Czech Republic and EU. There are also kinds of state grants described. In economical part of the paper there are NPV’s of particular cogeneration units calculated. The calculations were made both with current investment costs and reduced investment costs.
|
|
|
Calculation of the thermal diagram high load steam turbine with steam reheating
Cerman, Marek ; Lázničková, Ilona (referee) ; Raček, Jiří (advisor)
The major topic of this bachelor’s thesis is calculation of thermal diagram with condensing steam turbine. In the first section the project is focused on the theory of steam cycles. In nine separate chapters the reader is briefly introduced to the principle of steam turbine as well as to some common type of steam turbines, basic diagrams of steam cycles and their illustrations in T-s diagram and Mollier h-s diagram. The attention is then individually focused on the process of energy change, how is the steam energy transformed into a mechanical energy, the inference of turbine output power, the assesment of actual efficiency of steam diagram systems and on the facilities that allow for an increase of the efficiency in practice. In the second section of the project, the calculation of thermal diagram of free-cylinder turbine with steam reheating is introduced as a follow-through to the theoretical basics. The rated output of the turbo-set is 100 MW. The thermal cycle is defined by the main steam parameters, the reheat parameters and the emission pressure. Setting component is basic thermal diagram which foremost introduces the connections of system of regenerative heaters from the point of utilisation of the heating steams condensates. First chapter of the second section targets the general method of solution, which in connectedness consists of the concept of steam expansion in the turbine, the concept of heating feed water in regenerative heaters, the assignment of the mass steam flows in the cycle and the assignment of energy index figures. The method analysis is, even in the scope of determining basic parameters detailed. In the second chapter, the general method is subsequently applied to a numeral calculation of the given diagram. Here, the method that exploits computer software is demonstrated. It will assert itself with the instancy, the calculation may be proceeded with, compared to common use of water and steam tables and to the accuracy to which the quantity values of working substance are marked during various thermodynamic phases. All of the significant figures defining the designated thermal cycle are calculated. In the conclusion the values are summarized in a table and picture overview and evaluated.
|
|
|
Economic aspects use of energy of photovoltaic plant
Cerman, Marek ; Procházka, Jiří (referee) ; Macháček, Jan (advisor)
The major topic of this master‘s thesis is to create a complex model of general photovoltaic power plant (PVP). First chapters are engaged in research of photovoltaic. Growth of globally installed power and analysis of situation in Czech Republic are described in this section. The spectrum of conditions is introduced, from current legislative framework up to local Sun radiation. The actual technologies and their advantages are depicted, especially rate of utilization of energy. Expected trends of future development of conversion efficiency are mentioned, with prediction of production costs of photovoltaic. In context with those aspects, the question of grid parity achievement arises. The own assembled model of photovoltaic power plant has been created in Microsoft Excel. The mathematical apparatus is described in a separate chapter, individually solving technical part, which main result – the amount of yearly generated electricity, is applied for economical calculation. Final results are the usual economic indicators, mainly: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). There is series of aspects defined by user in the model which may impact the amount of produced electricity and economics of user’s project, such as use of loan, replacement of converters, operational costs etc. These aspects are frequently neglected by project sellers. In the end, intended photovoltaic power plants of 2.75 kWp and 28.98 kWp are simulated by the model in real conditions of 2013. Sensitivity of impact of both proposals to the aspects mentioned above has been analyzed. In the conclusion the achieved results are summarized and the key factors which determine the PVP’s economic efficiency are assessed.
|
|
|
Calculation of the thermal diagram high load steam turbine with steam reheating
Cerman, Marek ; Lázničková, Ilona (referee) ; Raček, Jiří (advisor)
The major topic of this bachelor’s thesis is calculation of thermal diagram with condensing steam turbine. In the first section the project is focused on the theory of steam cycles. In nine separate chapters the reader is briefly introduced to the principle of steam turbine as well as to some common type of steam turbines, basic diagrams of steam cycles and their illustrations in T-s diagram and Mollier h-s diagram. The attention is then individually focused on the process of energy change, how is the steam energy transformed into a mechanical energy, the inference of turbine output power, the assesment of actual efficiency of steam diagram systems and on the facilities that allow for an increase of the efficiency in practice. In the second section of the project, the calculation of thermal diagram of free-cylinder turbine with steam reheating is introduced as a follow-through to the theoretical basics. The rated output of the turbo-set is 100 MW. The thermal cycle is defined by the main steam parameters, the reheat parameters and the emission pressure. Setting component is basic thermal diagram which foremost introduces the connections of system of regenerative heaters from the point of utilisation of the heating steams condensates. First chapter of the second section targets the general method of solution, which in connectedness consists of the concept of steam expansion in the turbine, the concept of heating feed water in regenerative heaters, the assignment of the mass steam flows in the cycle and the assignment of energy index figures. The method analysis is, even in the scope of determining basic parameters detailed. In the second chapter, the general method is subsequently applied to a numeral calculation of the given diagram. Here, the method that exploits computer software is demonstrated. It will assert itself with the instancy, the calculation may be proceeded with, compared to common use of water and steam tables and to the accuracy to which the quantity values of working substance are marked during various thermodynamic phases. All of the significant figures defining the designated thermal cycle are calculated. In the conclusion the values are summarized in a table and picture overview and evaluated.
|
|
|
Cogeneration influence on power industry and power market in Czech Republic
Dudáš, Michal ; Cerman, Marek (referee) ; Macháček, Jan (advisor)
The main goal of this master’s thesis is to find out the impact of future development in combined heat and power technologies, especially the impact on power market in Czech Republic regarding to historical development of photovoltaics and subsidy policy. There are three scenarios of installed power growth designed including calculations of renewable energy source financial fee as well as overall evaluation. The paper also deals with current status of combined heat and power technologies in Czech Republic, European Union and USA as well as legislature framework of CHP in Czech Republic and EU. There are also kinds of state grants described. In economical part of the paper there are NPV’s of particular cogeneration units calculated. The calculations were made both with current investment costs and reduced investment costs.
|
|
|
Economic aspects use of energy of photovoltaic plant
Cerman, Marek ; Procházka, Jiří (referee) ; Macháček, Jan (advisor)
The major topic of this master‘s thesis is to create a complex model of general photovoltaic power plant (PVP). First chapters are engaged in research of photovoltaic. Growth of globally installed power and analysis of situation in Czech Republic are described in this section. The spectrum of conditions is introduced, from current legislative framework up to local Sun radiation. The actual technologies and their advantages are depicted, especially rate of utilization of energy. Expected trends of future development of conversion efficiency are mentioned, with prediction of production costs of photovoltaic. In context with those aspects, the question of grid parity achievement arises. The own assembled model of photovoltaic power plant has been created in Microsoft Excel. The mathematical apparatus is described in a separate chapter, individually solving technical part, which main result – the amount of yearly generated electricity, is applied for economical calculation. Final results are the usual economic indicators, mainly: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). There is series of aspects defined by user in the model which may impact the amount of produced electricity and economics of user’s project, such as use of loan, replacement of converters, operational costs etc. These aspects are frequently neglected by project sellers. In the end, intended photovoltaic power plants of 2.75 kWp and 28.98 kWp are simulated by the model in real conditions of 2013. Sensitivity of impact of both proposals to the aspects mentioned above has been analyzed. In the conclusion the achieved results are summarized and the key factors which determine the PVP’s economic efficiency are assessed.
|
guest ::
RSS feed.