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Genetic regulation of the cranial cartilage and bone development
Burianová, Andrea ; Machoň, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kaucká, Markéta (referee)
The skull development is an elaborate sequence of cellular processes, featuring two distinct tissue lineages, a unique transient pluripotent population of neural crest cells and mesodermal cells. Several differences in molecular mechanisms operating during chondrogenesis and skeletogenesis have been demonstrated in cranial bones originating from these different cell lineages. The bones comprising the cranial skeleton are formed through both intramembranous and endochondral ossification, regardless of the origin. The cellular processes involved in the formation of cranial skeletal elements include induction, migration, condensation, differentiation, and proliferation, all of which require sophisticated genetic control. Recent discoveries provide evidence of several signaling pathways and their target genes contributing to cranial skeleton development. The interconnection between individual signaling cascades is extremely complex and creates an entire gene regulatory network. This thesis focuses primarily on genetic programmes controlling the development of neural crest-derived skeletal structures. Keywords: neural crest cells, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, mesenchymal condensation, gene regulatory network
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