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Význam selénu vo výžive kôz
Bieleschová, Ela
The theoretical part of the master's thesis contains knowledge about nutrition of goat, anatomy of the digestive tract, free radicals, selenium and ingredients of goat's milk based on available literature resources. The objective of the practical part was to experimentally determine the impact of the the addition of selenium to feeding ration for organic raised goats on qualitative and quantitative parameters of goat's milk and selenium content in goat's milk. The experiment was held on an organic farm in Prostejov area in June and July 2016, it lasted 30 days. Goat breeds raised on the farm were White Shorthaired and Anglo-Nubian. There were 12 goats studied in the experiment, divided into a treatment group (n = 6) and a control group (n = 6). Milk samples from each goat were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment The samples were analyzed in a laboratory for analysis of milk in Brno - Turany, selenium was analyzed at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry MENDELU. The results were evaluated and compared. The results of the experiment shows that the addition of selenium had an impact on its concentration in goat's milk but it had no effect on milk components (fat, protein, lactose, urea, somatic cell count) and milk yield.
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Antioxidanty vo výžive hospodárskych zvierat
Bieleschová, Ela
Antioxidants are substances that react with free radicals by transmitting a missing electron, also with non-radical oxidative substances, deactivate them and thus prevent the oxidative damage. Antioxidants are a natural part of feed that is fed to livestock. They are important especially for highly productive animals and they have important impact on both reproduction and production. Free radicals are highly reactive, they consist of one or more unpaired electrons which react with biologically important molecules very fast, and so damage them. Some non-radical forms of oxidants react in a similar way and together with free radicals they form two categories: reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The ability of compounds to decelerate oxidative effect of ROS and RNS is identified as an anti-oxidative activity. Anti-oxidative capacity determines how long the anti-oxidative effect lasts. To state the anti-oxidative capacity it is possible to use various chemical and physicochemical methods. The aim of the Bachelor's thesis is to chart, define and classify the antioxidants that are most frequently used in nutrition of livestock. It's focusing on both natural and synthetic antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. It concentrates on occurrence of the most used antioxidants, their effect on animals, excess and lack of them and the correct dosing. A healthy and satisfied individual is achieved by a balanced ration with an appropriate amount of antioxidants.
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