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Botanical survey of the nature reserve Rolavská vrchoviště
Baroch, Patrik ; Karlík, Petr (advisor) ; Andrea, Andrea (referee)
The mountain raised bog Velký močál spreads out on the area of approx. 50 hectares in the cadastral territory of the former municipality of Sauersack (Rolava) in the altitude of 930 meters above sea level near the town of Přebuz in the Ore Mountains. Since 1969 the raised bog Velký močál was an independent State, later National nature reserve (abbreviated in Czech: NPR). Since 2012 it has been part of the NPR Rolavská vrchoviště, situated on the area of about 750 hectares.
The work aimed to take up the botanical researches from previous years and to compare theme with the current situation. When a botanical inventorying during one vegetation season was carried out, the total of 37 taxons of vascular plants and 37 taxons of bryophytes were recorded. A presence and further dissemination of Rhynchospora alba as mentioned in the Additamenta ad floram Reipublicae Bohemicae (Additions to the flora of the Czech Republic) XII / 2014 already by Mgr. Melichar was confirmed. It was found out that the fertile population of Scheuchzeria palustris had spread to the western part of the territory and surrounding hollows. In the southern and western part of the bog there was a new occurrence of Juncus conglomeratus and Sphagnum subnitens recorded. The Sphagnum subnitens shows of the eutrophication of peripheral areas of bog.
Furthermore, a long term vegetation dynamics of the territory was studied, specifically changes in the area of individual partial biotopes which were interpreted on historical aerial shots dated 1953, 2000 and 2013. In the ArcGIS program there were vegetation maps designed and those were subsequently analyzed. The analysis showed long term changes in the vegetation cover. It demonstrated succession of Picea abies and of Pinus x pseudopumilio in progress. As a result, the open area of the raised bog has been decreasing. This transformation can have a fatal impact the current bog vegetation, particularly on the fertile and growing populations of Scheuchzeria palustris and Rhynchospora alba. They prove continuous drying out of the raised bog. The main cause may be global climate changes and hereby altered Precipitation totals of the Czech Republic, which has a significant influence on the hydrology of this ombrotrophic raised bog. These phenomena need to be explored in more details.
For the found negative impacts which can be observed on the development of natural conditions of the raised bog measurement which aim to eliminate them or at least to minimize them were proposed.
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