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Use of macroorganisms and microorganisms in biological control of aphids
BOŠKA, David
Aphids are one of the most important species of pests, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. Aphids are harmful mainly by sucking, honeydew production and transmitting hundreds of viral diseases. The most important greenhouse aphids occurring in the Czech Republic are the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). Their danger lies in the rapid development cycle, when there is a rapid increase in populations. Despite the great damage they cause, aphids are very defenceless and small insect with a large number of naturally occurring enemies. The most important natural enemies are predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi. In the biological control of plants against aphids, the predator ladybeetles (Coccinellidae), lacewings (Chrysopidae) and the aphidophagous gall midge (Aphidoletes aphidimyza) are mainly used. In the nature, aphids are also regulated by hoverflies (Syrphidae). The most important aphid parasitoids are mainly the parasitic wasps Aphidius colemani, Aphidius ervi and Aphelinus abdominalis. From the microorganisms, the polyphagous entomopathogenic fungi are used, they cause primary infections in several species of pests. From the microorganisms, entomopathogenic fungi are mainly entomopathogenic fungi that can attack polyphagous more species of harmful organisms. The bioproducts based on entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii, Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea are available on the foreign market. They were developed for biological control against aphids and other pests.
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