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Prostorová analýza ekonomických ukazatelů podniku
BERKOVÁ, Ilona
To choose a good location for a company is one of the most important long-term decision of the company's owners because this decision cannot be changed and ensures the future successful development of a company. That's why the location of corporate activities has been a part of economics for many years. This work also deals with this issue. The purpose of the thesis is the recognition of spatial relationships of the headquarters of companies. Firstly, there are observed spatial relationships between individual companies within individual sectors. Secondly, there are answered the questions if the health of the company follows the same fate as other near companies or is absolutely independent and if the company is doing better in a cluster or not. In particular, whether the company should think of a location close to another successful company or vice versa, a company that is not successful and is threatened by bankruptcy. Lastly, a new econometric model for recognition of spatial interaction of companies according to their health in the inhomogeneous case is proposed. In the analysis, the set of headquarters of small and medium companies in three regions located in the Czech Republic, i.e. Jihočeský, Plzeňský and Vysočina regions were used. The data set was collected in 2015 and contains 10 201 companies and their full addresses divided into 13 sectors. The methodology is based on a point process theory. Since the companies choose their locations according to plenty of factors, thus the local scaling principals were used for modelling the inhomogeneity. The results were obtained by application of Ripley's K-function and its derived Besag's L function that is used for the determination of the distribution of the companies in our research. Lastly, the locally scaled mark-weighted K function was newly introduced to determine the dependence of the firm health and its location. This function has never been used before. As a mark of the company, i.e. the health of the company, the Neumeier classification model IN05 was taken into account. The analyses of this work revealed that companies in all industries tend to strong clustering. We managed to prove that the geographic concentration of companies is stronger than population because it helps to amplify production and innovation benefits, specifically to reduce transaction costs, increase information flow, improve specialized needs and be stronger in a competitive environment. As it was not possible to prove that the population would fully explain the clustering of firms, thus population was replaced with the density of the point process of companies in the analyses. However, the main aim of the thesis was to ask if the health of the firm is influenced by the health of other companies surrounded by and if the companies are healthier when they are located in clusters or not. The analyses succeeded in revealing certain regularities through sectors that may explain the trend of the location of company headquarters in individual sectors. The regularities are described in detail in the thesis. Analyses of this thesis could be used as a key that can help with choosing a suitable locality for starting a new company. However, there is no straightforward answer to where a company should be located. It must be noted that location theories are of limited application since the generality. There is predominantly assumed only a few variables that are not sufficient in the real world. It would be necessary to add more variables to the model, for example, availability of technologies and capital, personal preferences, a geographical distance of competition, the proximity of suppliers, industrial site, raw materials, community, imperfect competition, externalities, etc. to understand the distribution of headquarters of companies.
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