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The influence of flat feet onto the posture of children at school age
ŤUPOVÁ, Jana
The bachelor thesis is describing problems of the impact of flat feet on school age children´s posture. The foot is the organ that allows contact with the terrain. In case it´s functional component is changed pathologically to some extent, it fails to work properly and can change the whole posture of particular individual in pathological way. Flat feet is a condition of foot when the arch of the foot flattened partly or completely. Arch of the foot enables us flexible treading contact and is defined with three support points: calcaneus and the heads of the first and the fifth metatarsals. They develop and change during one´s lifetime. The appearance of flat feet during the first two years of life is considered as a physiological condition. The appearance of the flat feet later in childhood is viewed as a deformity and needs more examinations and some therapy. Some studies showed that early treatment of flat feet can prevent later unwanted manifestations, and that is why flat feet in children should not be underestimated. Flat feet in children is the most often cause for the visit at a doctor. Children´s flat feet is the topic that needs to be very often consulted at any level of the health care. It is not completely clear, when the foot is still considered as physiologically flat without any pathological cause and when it is considered as pathological flat feet. The purpose of the thesis was to describe links between flat feet and posture. The foot is the key area for motor system and that is why its disorder or malfunction can become the cause and also the consequence of chain functional disorders. That is the reason why the foot area should not be disregarded. Another goal was to suggest exercise units and search out appropriate exercises concerning described problems. Exercise unit was designed individually for each participant according to one´s needs. The first exercise unit has been modified gradually according to participants´ skills to master the exercise. The modification was however essential to keep children´s attention up during the therapy. The thesis consists of the theoretical and practical sections. The practical section contains information about the foot from anatomical, neurological, and kinesiological view and its pathology that is affecting posture. The therapy lasted 10 weeks, children have been exercising from ten to fifteen minutes a day with supervision of parents who were instructed about the exercise, and twice a week individually, under my supervision, and also in parents´ present. The investigation was carried out using interview with parents and children, and also using kinesiological analysis. There was carried out entry and exit assessments in children´s group. They were used to determine proper therapy at the start and also for the conclusion from results at the end. For each participant was designed proper therapy according to one´s needs. The goal of physiotherapy was determined as well as recommended certain type of exercise and proper exercise activity for all children in long time horizon. Our findings showed that proper therapy in children with flat feet can positively influence whole posture. When the entry and exit examinations were compared, we found that there was found greater range of ankle joint motion, positive change in flat feet condition, better body control, the change of breathing mechanics, and also participants´ personal view of better self body control. I have chosen the topic to bring closer problems of flat feet affecting body control in children. The foot area is an integral part of our body. When the arches of foot flatten, position of whole lower limb in joints and complete body posture is negatively affected.
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