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Fine and other penalties for administrative transgressions
Špotová, Jana ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Millerová, Ivana (referee)
The topic of this thesis is fine and other penalties for administrative transgressions. The thesis deals mainly with various types of sanctions which can be imposed for committing an administrative delict, as well as with facts that have to be considered while imposing a sanction. The first chapter deals with theoretical aspects of the topic, namely with legal liability, definition of the term sanction, the characteristics of administrative punishment as well as the functions of punishment. The second chapter focuses on the basic conditions and rules for sanctioning the administrative delicts. The chapter deals with legislation of sanctions, the rules for sanctioning administrative delicts in terms of time applicability and also with the current system of sanctions. A part of this chapter is dedicated to releasing from imposing a sanction as a possibility of dealing with administrative delicts without the need to impose a penalty. The third chapter contains an analysis of particular types of sanctions. Each sanction is analysed in terms of its nature and purpose, the conditions for imposing them as well as their effectiveness. The fourth chapter pays attention to the comprehensive topic of determination of the type and rate of a sanction. The first part of this chapter provides the description of the...
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Fine and other penalties for administrative transgressions
Špotová, Jana ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Millerová, Ivana (referee)
The topic of this thesis is fine and other penalties for administrative transgressions. The thesis deals mainly with various types of sanctions which can be imposed for committing an administrative delict, as well as with facts that have to be considered while imposing a sanction. The first chapter deals with theoretical aspects of the topic, namely with legal liability, definition of the term sanction, the characteristics of administrative punishment as well as the functions of punishment. The second chapter focuses on the basic conditions and rules for sanctioning the administrative delicts. The chapter deals with legislation of sanctions, the rules for sanctioning administrative delicts in terms of time applicability and also with the current system of sanctions. A part of this chapter is dedicated to releasing from imposing a sanction as a possibility of dealing with administrative delicts without the need to impose a penalty. The third chapter contains an analysis of particular types of sanctions. Each sanction is analysed in terms of its nature and purpose, the conditions for imposing them as well as their effectiveness. The fourth chapter pays attention to the comprehensive topic of determination of the type and rate of a sanction. The first part of this chapter provides the description of the...
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Bill formalism and development of its concept in the judicature
Špotová, Jana ; Kříž, Radim (advisor) ; Hásová, Jiřina (referee)
The topic of this thesis is bill formalism and development of its concept in the judicature. The thesis deals mainly with requirements of a bill of exchange, which are set by law, as well as with the effect of the failure to meet the correct form of these requirements on validity of bills of exchange. This issue is analysed especially with regard to its concept in the Czech judicature. The first chapter deals with theoretical aspects of the topic, namely with description of the basic legal regulation of exchange law, the characteristics of a bill of exchange and defining the kinds of bills and special types of them. The second chapter focuses on basic requirements of a bill of exchange set by law, which are analysed in particular with regard to their impact on the validity of the bill of exchange. Individual parts of the chapter deal with the following requirements of bills of exchange: 1.indication that it is a bill of exchange, included in the text of the instrument, expressed in the language in which the instrument is drawn up, 2. unconditional order (promise) to pay a certain financial sum, 3. the name of who is to pay, 4. information on maturity, 5. information on the place where payment is to be, 6. the name of the person to whom or to whose order payment is to be, 7. date and place of issue of bill of exchange, 8. signature of the drawer. The third chapter contains issue that is closely connected with the introduction of the above-mentioned requirements on a bill of exchange and which also reflects the formal character of a bill of exchange. The first part of this chapter concentrates on the bill forms, with whose character certain specific problems are related. The second part of this chapter deals with issues of graphic layout of a bill, which has also significant importance in terms of bill formalism.
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Development and functioning of the Antarctic Treaty System
Špotová, Jana ; Kochan, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Jana (referee)
The aim of this work is to evaluate effectiveness of operation of the Antarctic Treaty System and to identify main problems which have appeared during half-century of its existence. In the introductory part of this work I describe the history of formation of the Antarctic Treaty System with focus on development of territorial claims in relation to Antarctica. In another part, the attention is payed to key provisions of the Antarctic Treaty, which is the essential document of the whole system. I also describe two chosen bodies of the system and with the use of their example the principles of functioning of the whole system are illustrated. The last part deals with those controversial points of the system, which are relevant in the present day and which might be important in the future as well.
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