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Možnosti ochrany slivoní (Prunus sp.) proti pilatce švestkové (Hoplocampa minuta Christoph) a pilatce žluté (Hoplocampa flava L.)
Špetová, Veronika
Hoplocampa minuta and H. flava are major pests of plum, they harms nearly every year and cause litter unripe fruit. They cause more than 90 % fruit. They prefer early variety of plum trees. Their bionomics is very similar, H. flava is termophilic. Synthetic insecticides based on pyrethroids (alfa-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and etofenprox) and neonicotinoids (acetamiprid and thiacloprid) are registered in 2016. The advantage of synthetic insecticides is the high efficiency, the disadvantage of negative effects on the environment. Extract from wood exotic plant Quassia amara is designed for organic production. This extract has a low negative effect on the natural antagonist. Optimal term application is since time when more than 50% of the eggs will appear red to brown eyes of embryo to hatching of the first crawler. Biological control is to support beneficial organisms, first of all Ichneumonidae and Braconidae, sowing flowering plants on the edge of an orchard and between rows, planting less infected varieties of plum. Preventive measures include choice of habitat, recommended varieties and rootstocks, planting systems, fertilization, pruning and shaping. The larvae and pupae in the soil can be killed by rooting soil under the plum tree.
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