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Czech Lexicography of the 15th Century
Voleková, Kateřina ; Dittmann, Robert (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee) ; Pleskalová, Jana (referee)
Mgr. Kateřina Voleková Česká lexikografie 15. století Czech Lexicography of the 15th Century Abstract The thesis deals with Czech medieval lexicography. Based on research into rich manuscript material totalling over 350 items, it describes the development of Czech lexicography from Czech glosses in foreign-language texts and first Latin-Czech glossaries to the flourishing Czech lexicography of the 15th century covering both Latin-Czech, Czech-Latin and multilingual lexicographical works and also infrequently attested Czech monolingual dictionaries. The high number of lexicographical works is divided according to formal and content criteria. With respect to form and macrostructure we discern Czech glosses in Latin and Latin-German glossaries, a bilingual glossaries with Czech as one of the languages, alphabetaries and nomenclators and glossaries lacking an ordering criterion. With respect to the content we distinguish large dictionaries covering as many lexical items as possible on one hand and short glossaries covering only a narrowly delimited part of vocabulary on the other hand. The lexicographical works are supplied with a short description which is in case of short and yet unedited works complemented by an edition using transcription. The thesis also contains description of selected phenomena of...
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Vraclav in Early Middle Ages
Kučera, Karel ; Sláma, Jiří (advisor) ; Štefan, Ivo (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with the historical and archeological recognition of medieval castle Vraclav. It summarizes current state of research of this centre which was included in the middle of 12th century to the castle system. Except for administrative function it is noticing significance nearby so-called Trstenice path, alleged connection of provinces Hrutov and Úsobrno, consequently Bohemia and Moravia. In the following the thesis deals with archeological researches which were on the hillfort or in its proximity realized. The research of hillfort's acropolis from 1962 which has never been published in more detail is developed here. The aim of this thesis is historical contextualization of castle Vraclav and via processing the research better understanding not only about it but also about belonging province.
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Use of aorist, imperfect and perfect in Czech prose in the middle of the 14th century
Zdeňková, Jana ; Dittmann, Robert (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee)
This thesis deals with the use of the aorist and imperfect tenses and the periphrastic preterite in four Old Czech prosaic translated texts dated back to the beginning of the 2nd half of the 14th century. Analyzed texts are the part of the first edition of the Old Czech translation of the Bible (part of the Dresden Bible completed with the text of Proroci rožmberští (Prophets of Rožmberk), the Legend of St. Wenceslaus from The Old Czech Passional, The Apocalypse of Paul and two chapters of the text O svatém Jeronýmovi knihy troje. We deal with the percentual occurence of the verb forms under investigation and with the aspectual characteristics of the verbs of which the investigated forms are constructed. Also their relationship to the Latin pretext is examined. The acquired results are presented in tables and graphs. This thesis also includes an electronic database of the investigated verbal forms.
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Diachronic comparison of synchronic corpora
Křen, Michal ; Čermák, František (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee) ; Králík, Jan (referee)
The thesis presents a method for diachronic comparison of synchronic corpora that reflect language of very close time periods. Its primary aim is the assessment of possi- bilities and limitations of language change detection based on the synchronic written SYN-series corpora. The approach is corpus-driven, based on a statistical evaluation of differences among normalized average reduced frequencies of lemmata and lexical combinations. There are several variants of the method applied on various subcorpora of corpus SYN and their results examined in detail. Difficulty of the comparison lies in the influence of corpus composition and the interconnection of changes in language with changes in society. As it is not easy to distinguish the signs of diachronic shift from naturally existing synchronic variability, the statistically discovered significance of frequency differences is additionally verified by querying the base corpora. The interpretation of the results is also adjusted by the knowledge of their exact composition. The conclusions are based mainly on the newspapers as a written text type that is most receptive to the changes. The changes can be characterized as a thematic diversion from the original political and economical orientation of the newspapers towards real- life and free-time topics...
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Lexicon of the early Old Czech prose
Stluka, Martin ; Kučera, Karel (advisor) ; Rejzek, Jiří (referee) ; Pečírková, Jaroslava (referee)
Three main sources of this Dissertation Thesis are three Old Czech translation works, Life of Christ the Lord, Passional and Life of Holy Fathers. All three mentioned works belong to the first prose written in Old Czech. The object of research is their lexical reserve seen from various angles of view. The basis of analysis is a reciprocal comparison of vocabulary of these three above mentioned Old Czech relics. Attention is also given to lexical terms of newer paraphrases of Life of Christ the Lord and Passional that in comparison with the oldest preserved works are showing the development of Old Czech during 14th and 15th centuries. Examined lexis is being also confronted with developmental processes of Old Czech vocabulary. The special attention in particular texts is given to verbal procreation; the part of analysis is a characteristic of emergent or eventually existent terminology; phraseology is being elaborated separately and uniquely or sporadically incident lexemes (hapaxes, etc) that appear in the beginning of Old Czech written prose are also not being omitted. Separately observed texts are incorporated into a more general culturally-historical frame.
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Morphemic structure of contemporary Czech: from linguistic theory to automatic language processing
Lebeda, Jiří ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee)
The morphemic research of the Czech language witnessed its largest boom in the 1960s and 1970s. Since the appearance of Retrográdní morfematický slovník češtiny (1975) by Eleonora Slavíčková and of Komárek's Příspěvky k české morfologii (1978), the interest of researchers in this area of linguistics has been waning. The leitmotifs of all nine chapters of this monograph are an attempt to defend morphemics as a stand-alone discipline, an evaluation of the theoretic and empirical knowledge gathered so far, and the justification of formal computer processing as the only promising approach for the future. The interdisciplinary character of the present work manifests itself in the search for impulses for proposing an algorithmic approach to morphemic analysis and synthesis - which is the culmination of the monograph - e.g. in cognitive sciences and general semiotics. An examination of the main principles of how the mental lexicon works, including the theory of activation of language units, shows that a computational approach to traditional linguistic topics and methods can borrow inspiration not only from theoretical fields. The central term, namely morpheme, which is realized as morph in the language usage, is widely believed to have been introduced by Jan Baudoin de Courtenay in the 1880s. Using the great...
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Stylistic and rhetoric analysis of Baroque "Žďár" homilies with special regard to tautology
Boháčová, Lydie ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee)
The thesis aims at studiyng the aspects of co-ordinative tautology in the texts of fourteen Czech "Žďár" homilies dating from the baroque period. Thea author primarily focuses on presenting the genre of "Ždár" sermon defined as a conceptual homily, and on providing the basic analysis of all the "Žďár" homilies. Consecutively the term of tautology is described and explored. The author gives her own definition of tautology relevant to her method of work. The third part of the thesis presents examples of tautologic collocations within the "Ždár" sermons indicating main and supportive criteria for the choice. Tautologic collocations are examined from wide range of aspects: quantity, position, word class, synonymity, gradation, special cases, etc.
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Early modern manuscripts in Czech museums and the possibilities of their utilization in the research of the 17th and 18th century Czech language and literature
Fidlerová, Alena ; Kučera, Karel (advisor) ; Kolár, Jaroslav (referee) ; Pleskalová, Jana (referee)
The thesis consists of two parts of different genre: the second part comprises that portion of the book FIDLEROVÁ, Alena; BEKEŠOVÁ, Martina, et al.: Inventory of the 17th and 18th Century Manuscripts from the Museum Collections in Bohemia (IInd part, volumes 1 and 2, Prague: Nakladatelství Karolinum, 2007), for which the author of the thesis is responsible (approximately 560 pages). It represents a practical example of how to treat and make accessible a great amount of manuscript source material in a way so that it could be successfully exploited by the scientists of different disciplines interested in early modern ages. Simultaneously, it is a part of the source basis for the first part of the thesis (the accompanying essay), which, nevertheless, dwells on the whole of the material encompassed in all the so far published parts of the Inventory. The accompanying essay has several goals: From the informative point of view it summarizes the content of the Inventory, i.e. which types of manuscripts does it comprise (according to the age of the manuscript, the language or languages used and the genre or subject matter) and tries to trace the causes of the findings. From the methodological point of view it discusses the problem, which methods should be chosen not only in the study of the early modern Czech...
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Analytical verbo-nominal constructions in Václav Hájek's Czech chronicle (1541)
Martínek, František ; Kučera, Karel (referee) ; Adam, Robert (advisor)
In Chapters 1 and 2, the thesis delimits analytical verbo-nominal constructions (AVNS) based on the relevant literature. AVNS are phrases which consist of a verb with a general meaning, expressing categorical semantic features (e.g. state, change of state, and cause of change of state), and an abstract substantive: dát radu - to give advice, položit otázku - to ask a question, být v nesnázích - to be in a difficult situation. Phrases with a substantive in nominative case (jednání probíhá - the negotiation is proceeding) and with an adverb (dát najevo - to put forth) are also included in the AVNS classification. In Chapter 3, the phrases excerpted from a Middle Czech text of 1541 are classified according to their formal features and some groups of related phrases are also described. In Chapter 4, some models of AVNS-classification are critically evaluated and supplemented according to their semantic features. The excerpted phrases are classified using the following features: the state/action opposition, action phases, causativity, etc. In Chapter 5, the functions of AVNS in text are analyzed (e.g. as indicators that a given text is on a higher stylistic level). Overall, the thesis demonstrates that it is inadequate to consider AVNS as only a progressive feature of modern language. Appendices include lists of...
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The Czech names of mushrooms - etymological and formal analysis
Karasová, Kristina ; Kučera, Karel (referee) ; Rejzek, Jiří (advisor)
Ve své diplomové práci jsem se zaměřila zejména na etymologickou analýzu českých jmen hub; tuto část práce považuji (i vzhledem k rozsahu souboru) v podstatě za průkopnickou. Snažila jsem se dbát o to, aby mnou uváděné souhrnné údaje byly v práci ověřitelné a šly přepočítat (i s případnými změnami například při rozdílném názoru na výklad některých jmen) a aby bylo pokud možno vždy jasné, k jakému výkladu se přikláním, pokud se k nějakému přikláním - těch několik dosavadních prací na podobné téma totiž poskytovalo maximálně jen přehled jednotlivých sémantických typů s příklady a souhrnné výsledky, ale chyběla v nich možnost dohledat, jak bylo vykládáno konkrétní jméno.
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