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Biogeography of the Balkan Peninsula: geological development and recent state of knowledge
Žďárská, Kateřina ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Král, David (referee)
The aim of this study is to summarize history and development of Mediterranean with a following description and comparison of the biogeographical regions of the Balkan peninsula and surrounding areas. Balkan peninsula is located in eastern-central Mediterranean, which is known for its complex paleogeographic evolution. Current presence and distribution of organisms with high rate of endemism is influenced by several factors. For example orogenesis, the fragmentation of the Tethys ocean in Miocene (16 - 18 Ma), the birth and progression of the Paratethys sea and the Messinian salinity crissis (MSC, 5.97 - 5.33 Ma), followed with enormous ecological changes in whole Mediterranean. In this period, landbridges were formed and they allowed migration of species between African, Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plate. Another important period that formed present Mediterranean is Quarternary period in which this area is influenced by climatic oscillations leading to alternation of glacial and interglacial phases. Simultaneously, the sea level oscilations and migrations of species occured, which resulted into the creation of various refugia.
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Stable isotopes and the study of insects ecology
Javůrková, Jaroslava ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Harant, Karel (referee)
Animal foraging ecology is an important part in the puzzle ecosystem relationships. This bachelor thesis presents review in the field of food ecology, especially insects. It focuses on the method of analysis of stable isotopes, which is one of the current and in recent decades a modern approach for studying this issue. Stable isotope analysis is compared with other frequently used methods for animal food ecology. The aim of this work is to introduce this method and its possible use in the study of insect food ecology. The first part provides the necessary theoretical background, practical application in laboratory and then it deals with the problems typically adressed by this method. Key words: stable isotopes, stable isotopes analysis, food ecology, food preferences, insects
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Experimental Electro-Mechanical Musical Drum Instrument
Šípek, Petr ; Schimmel, Jiří (referee) ; Dlouhý, Dan (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to design and create an experimental mechanic-electrical drum instrument, namely a hybrid percussion instrument, using various resonant materials and oscillators supplemented by mechanical tuning in the main part of the instrument. Part of the instrument will consist of a series of piezoelectric transducers scanning individual segments of the musical instrument. It will be possible to edit each individual created sound by using effects.
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Larval morphology of Goliathini (Coleoptera: Cetoniinae) and its contribution towards the understanding of the group's evolution.
Kouklík, Ondřej ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
1 Abstract Currently there are almost 4000 described species of rose chafers (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) but larvae of less than 200 species are described. In this work we studied larval morphology of 86 species belonging to 58 genera with focus on the tribe Goliathini. The larvae of 21 genera were studied for the first time. 77 morphological characters on head, mouth parts, legs and thoracal and abdominal segments were studied. This resulted into large matrix of morphological characters, which were further tested in separate phylogenetical analyses. A checklist of studied characters and their states and also large databasis of photographs of the characters are also amongst the results of the thesis. Five independent datasets were tested, three were based singly on morphology, one on molecular sequences and one on a combined dataset. The phylogenetic analysis was made by three methods, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and bayesian interference. Eleven different phylogenetic trees were obtained as a result, based on which we tried to reconstruct the relationships between the inner groups of Cetoniinae with focus on relationship of subtribes of tribe Goliathini. Monophyly of the tribe Goliathini as well as some other groups could not be confirmed, as well as the alleged basal position of the genus...
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The role of iridescent and UV reflectant coloration patterns in beetles (Coleoptera)
Vlach, Jan ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Pecháček, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the role of iridescent and UV reflectant coloration patterns in beetles (Coleoptera). The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part describes in detail the different types of iridescent and UV reflectant coloration patterns, it deals with the physical origines of coloration and finally it presents examples of beetle species, which possess this types of coloration. The second part deals with the functional perspective of iridescent and UV reflectant coloration patterns. The coloration function is divided into visual and nonvisual part. The part dealing with visual function is focused on interspecific and intraspecific communication, while the part dealing with nonvisial function describes thermoregulation and mechanical function of coloration. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Factors affecting the composition of insect communities on carcases of small mammals
Máslo, Petr ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Čížek, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis describes invertebrate community on cadavers of small mammals, in particulat how cadaver size influences abundace, density, species richness and composition of the necrobiont community. Cadaver size preference of present insects is also described. Field experiments were performed in 2014 in meadow habitats in spring, summer and autumn season. Cadavers were chosen in three weight groups: mice (20 g), small rats (100 g) and large rats (400 - 500 g). Invertebrate abundance increases with cadaver mass, density of the community remains constant. Larger cadavers also have higher species richness. Most dominant ecological guild are necrophages, represented mosty by blow flies (Calliphoridae). Cadaver size preference of recorded insects differ, necrophagous and predatory taxa tend to prefer larger cadavers. Omnivorous carrion beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus) prefer small cadavers. Sex of the carrion beetles (Silphidae) does not affect their cadaver size preference, males and females of particular species have very similar preferences. Keywords Ephemeral resource patch, cadaver, necrobiont, size, abundace, diversity, competition, insect communities
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Succession and sezonality of necrobiont insects communities on carcasses of small mammals
Mikátová, Šárka ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Šuláková, Hana (referee)
The presented master thesis describes the changes of insects communities on carcases of small mammals in course of the decay. We focused both on aspects of (temporal) succession as well on season dependent differences in carrion insect community. The study was carried out during the seasons 2014 and 2015; in each of the years we used a different carrion type (2014: mice (Mus musculus) +/- 20g, 2015: brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) 400-500g). Because we wanted to record the actual successional stage, we used a "walk-through" type of traps instead of commonly used pitfall traps. The general succession pattern was similar in both seasons; however the succession course of brown rat carcasses was slightly delayed. The succession was strongly influenced by the first species colonizing the carrion and morover, most of the carcasses were dominated or monopolized by a single species (or species group). Only the carcasses of mice were buried by the burying beetles (Silphinae: Nicrophorus). Bow flies (Calliphoridae) have been identified as the most common members of carrion insect communities. The other important members were the flesh flies (Sarcophagidae), and beetle families Silphidae and Staphylinidae. The highest abundance of insect was observed in summer, lowest abundance either in spring or fall depending on the...
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Succession of insect communities inhabiting carcasses of small vertebrates, with emphasis on the beetles
Kadlec, Jakub ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Růžička, Jan (referee)
This master thesis deals with succession and succession mechanisms of beetles (Coleoptera) on carrions of small vertebrates. As a model sample of small carrion a small mouse of weight 20 grams was chosen. In 2014 two experiments occurred. The first one studied the succession of a beetle community in dependence on seasonality and time of death of the sample. The second experiment was aimed to survey the blocking effect of an early insect succession on the final beetle community composition on carrions. It turned out, that during decomposition of the carrion the overall amount of beetles raised equally to the guild of necrophagous beetles. Change of the species spectrum during succession was not statistically confirmed. On the other hand, the effect of seasonality was clear as during the season the abundance and the amount of species increased. The proportion of trophic guilds changed significantly, necrophagous beetles were the most dominant part of the community towards the end of the season. Equally, the taxonomic composition of the community also changed during the season. The seasonal dynamics of carrion beetles was clear; Nicrophorus vespillo (Linnaeus, 1758) and N. investigator Zetterstedt, 1824 showed their peaks in spring and summer while N. humator (Gleditsch, 1767) and N. vespilloides...
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