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Tobacco dependence and psychiatric comorbidity
Jonáková, Lenka ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Tobacco dependence and psychiatric comorbidity Introduction: Because the smoking is a societal problem and the prevalence of smoking of psychiatric patients is 2 to 3 times higher than in the general population, the purpose of the bachelor thesis was to map these issues for patients in a psychiatric hospital in Havlíčkův Brod. Objectives: There were four objectives defined in the thesis: to determine the prevalence of smoking , to find the most common diagnoses for patients-smokers and to chart the aspects associated with smoking including health personnel attitudes, to assess their knowledge about smoking cessation possibilities and to offer basic advice and information material about smoking cessation to the patients. Methods: The data source was the records of patients hospitalized in the psychiatric hospital Havlíčkův Brod till the 3rd of February 2014. Actual research was carried out on patients with a diagnosis of F 10 and F 20 in the period from 3rd of February to 15th of June 2014. The research sample of the predominantly quantitative research included 200 patients with diagnoses F 10 and F 20 and 55 physicians working with psychiatric ill patients-smokers. Data were collected by questionnaire survey and doctors were contacted by an internal e-mail. Results: Compared to the general...
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The relationship between sarcopenia and two behavioral factors - cigarett smoking and alcohol drinking - meta- analysis
Šteffl, Michal ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Background Sarcopenia is one of problems its prevalence and development have been studied in many researches. A meta-analysis focusing to sarcopenia relationships could open the new space for following scientific works. Objectives The main aims of that study were to explore relationships between sarcopenia and cigarette smoking and also sarcopenia and alcohol drinking in relatively healthy people over 65 years old on the basis of recommendation of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant literature for this study. Then the data which contained relevant information were transformed into contingency tables and there were calculated odds ratios (OR) by using those tables. Except OR calculating, there was made systematic review section where the ORs which were transferred from individual studies were collected and assessed. Finally age-adjusted linear regression models were done. Results Out of 373 papers identified as potentially relevant by the database searching, 20 were ultimately included in the meta-analyses. From those papers data of 33,162 participants were analyzed. It was found that OR (95% CI) in cigarette smoking analysis was in males 1.65 (1.16 - 2.35), in females 1.42 (1.09 - 1.85), and in overall...
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Food composition in tobacco dependent patients
Kudláčková, Eliška ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with eating habits of ex-smokers. I observe and analyze their eating habits and changes by qualitative methods. The theoretical part discusses tobacco, nicotine effects on the organism and on eating habits and weight. I describe health consequences of unhealthy eating habits combined with smoking. The text discusses general nutrition recommendations and recommendations specifically for smokers. A separate chapter is dedicated to addiction, its nature, genesis, forms, and manifestations, and in more detail to nicotine addiction. The practical part describes the respondents' dietary regimens and results of the comparison of eating habits while smoking and while being abstinent.
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Treatment of tobacco dependence: knowledge and interest among smokers in Kolín area
Vodičková, Ludmila ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
According to a research report made by National Institute of Health in 2012, in the Czech Republic can be over 24 % of the population classified as regular smokers who smokes more than one cigarette a day. There is no doubt that smoking ranks among current societal problems that threatens the health of about two and a half million people in the Czech Republic.For this reason, in this thesis I concerned myself with subject of treatment of tobacco dependence and I'm trying to determine the level of knowledge about treatment options among the smokers in the Kolín area and if they are interested in treatment. This thesis is divided in two parts - theoretical and practical. Goal of the theoretical part is to describe methods of diagnosis of tobacco addiction and treatment options. The first chapter of this thesis describes and explains what is nicotine, tobacco with its brief history and the concept of passive smoking. The second chapter deals with what is addiction to tobacco, describes the principle and neurobiology. The third chapter deals with the different ways to diagnose tobacco dependence and the last, the fourth chapter of the theoretical part provides information about treatment options. Practical work aimed to investigate awareness about treatment options for tobacco dependence among smokers...
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Harm reduction and tobacco smoking
Remešová, Renáta ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
The main goal of this work was to investigate behavior and attitude of Czech smokers towards e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and reduction of number of cigarettes by means of questionnaire inquiry. These Harm Reduction methods are favorable for smokers who at present are not able or willing to quit smoking as prevalence of smoking and mortality resulting from diseases connected to smoking are high. Theoretical part concerns basic notions and terminology of tobacco, epidemiology of tobacco usage, legislative measures and above all the less risky alternatives of tobacco usage together with their most current research. Practical part firstly describes methods of data collection and analysis coming from quantitative research based on questionnaires as well as results of the analysis. Target group were smokers aged 15 and more, living in the area of Czech Republic. Total amount of respondents was 302. Data were collected through internet portal vyplnto.cz as and personally by questioning random people and firms in Prague and then processed through statistical program R and Microsoft Excel. Methods are those of descriptive statistics. The first part of results introduces prevalence data which are almost identical to those of Český zdravotní ústav (2012). Then several pairs of variables were chosen and...
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Cigarette boxes in frame of tobacco control
Vitásková, Kristýna ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Background: Cigarette package is important for consumers and the tobacco industry. It is important part of the overall marketing strategy as well. There is a lot of evidence showing a causal relationship between tobacco marketing and smoking rate. Health warnings on packages are direct and important means of communication with smokers therefor the introduction of legislative measures in the field of tobacco control is needed. Objectives: Main objectives are to complete a current overview of the results of research studies dealing with the approaching of different countries of the world in influencing smokers through packaging and to see what impacts on smokers have legislative measures relating to plain packages and picture warnings. Through this work I would like to prove the introduction of legislative measures promoting health picture warnings and plain packaging appear to be effective. Methods: The research group consists of published scientific articles searched in the English language identified through electronic databases PubMed and subsequently analyzed. Data collection was conducted in the period from April to July 2014, relevant articles available were included. A total of 30 original articles met inclusion criteria, including 25 quantitative studies, 3 qualitative studies, 1 study with...
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Tobacco dependence in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers
Kuchařová, Lada ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Backrounds: This thesis deals with the research of tobacco dependence in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers. One hundred pregnant or maternity leave women smokers or former smokers participated in the research. The quantitative data were obtained using online questionnaire. The study is completely anonymous. Objectives: The main objective of this research is to determine whether pregnancy significantly motivates women to stop smoking cigarettes because of the health of their child and whether the motive to gieve up smoking in financial terms. The secondary objective of the study was to find out how the gynecologist will react when he finds that his female patient - smoker is pregnant. Methods: The data were obtained using an anonymous online questionnaire. Data has been processed using quantitative analytical and statistical methods while keeping ethical principles. Results: 100 women participated the study. Women aged 20-25 years old have appeared most frequently (total 30|%) in the research sample. Almost half (46%) of surveyed women started smoking at the age of 17-18 years. Two women reported that smoking since twelve years. 38% women were pregnant at the time of research. Almost a third (32%) patients have not been asked, whether they are smoking. Of the remaining 68% women, who have been...
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Trends in the use of electronic cigarettes in the smokers of tobacco products
Hönigová, Karolína ; Štěpánková, Lenka (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Anotation The Master's degree thesis Trends in the use of electronic cigarette in the population of smokers of tobacco products provides a pilot research and analysis of the use of electronic cigarette in the current population of smokers in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, it presents the most common motivation patterns of its consumption among tobacco smokers. To this purpose, the author developped her own questionnaire addressed to a predefined sample of respondents. The first, theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to analysis of tobacco and nicotine and their effects on human health. Further, the thesis focuses entirely on the analysis of electronic cigarette. The practical part is based on a questionnaire designed and distributed by the author herself directly or through the internet among 105 respondents. The target group are smokers of tobacco products between 25 and 55 years old living in the Czech Republic who have pasively or actively had a contact with electronic cigarette. This is to determine the common attitudes towards the electronic cigarette and analyse the current trends in its use in the population of smokers. The second part of the thesis offers a detailed evaluation of the results of the questionnaire obtained through the answers of 105 respondents, their motivations for its use...
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Smokers' knowledge about tobacco dependence treatment possibilities
Trefanec, Jan ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Background: Most smokers would like to get rid of their addiction, but have not sufficient knowledge about treatment options. According to research in 2011 in the Czech Republic, there are 29.1% of smokers and about than 60% of them considered quitting smoking. Objective: To investigate awareness of teatment options of tobacco dependence. Methods: The theoretical part of this work focuses on the history of tobacco use, depending on the diagnosis, the most common health consequences of smoking and tobacco dependence treatment options. To obtain information about the awareness of smokers (N = 100) of treatment options have been used quantitative research in the form of anonymous semi-structured interview with 9 questions with one or more answers. The interview was intended only for smokers. It was not a representative sample. Results: Only a small proportion of smokers (8%) would seek professional helpwith smoking cessation. Awareness of the Centers for Toabcco-Dependent was low (25%). Smokers have information about a possible pharmacological treatment (27%) most frequently reported nicotine replacement therapy (73%). The greatest source of information about treatment options was television (68%), doctor or pharmacist at least (8% 4% respectively). Discussion: In the future it would be appropriate to extend...
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