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Impact of Technological Change on Employment and Wages in the EU
Ahmadov, Vugar ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of technological advancements on employment and wages in European Union. In order to examine this relation the date set for period over 1990-2010 of 10 European Member states were used. The data represented statistical information for Austria, Germany, France , Finland, Spain, Denmark, Netherlands, Ireland , Italy and the United Kingdom. With the help of regression it was concluded there is significant relation of employment and wages with technological advancements. I use the R&D expenditures share of GDP as main proxy for technological advancements, unemployment rate and average wage for dependent variable. Using the Fixed Effects estimator, I found that there is negative relation between R&D expenditures and Unemployment rate. Similarly, I found that there is negative relation between R&D expenditures and Average Wages. Thus , I discuss possible explanation for this paradox.
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Does European Union and national regional policy correlate with a decrease in unemployment rate in Romania?
Gorda, Diana ; Ševčíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis aims at answering the question if the regional and European Union Cohesion policy correlates with a decrease in unemployment rate in Romania. The thesis starts the analysis with a controversial theoretical background, including the convergence and divergence views and the related economic theories, as Solow and AK models. The study proceeds to a short description of the Cohesion Policy, its funds and targeted aims. The bachelor thesis then analyses the challenges of the Romanian labor market, the reasons that bring to a non-competitive labor environment, and further on focuses on the vulnerable groups of population most affected by unemployment. At the same time, at this section the paper provides a final distinction between two time horizons: before joining and after joining the European Union. The last part of the research is composed of an empirical work concerning Cohesion policy funding and the effectiveness on a macroeconomic indicator, as unemployment. The correlation between unemployment rate and Cohesion Policy is found to be negative, as expected from the theoretical background.
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The Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on a Trade Balance, the case of Russia.
Masliukova, Tatiana ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on trade balance. In order to examine the effect of depreciation of domestic currency on the trade balance, the data for Russian Federation was used. The time series analysis includes quarterly data since 2000 till 2014. With help of cointegration model it was concluded that there is a long-term dependence between exchange rate and trade balance. Regression results suggest that the impact of depreciation of national currency on trade balance of Russia is positive after one quarter, while response of exchange rate depreciation without time lag is deterioration of the balance of trade. This empirical evidence supports the pattern of movement described by the J-Curve.
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Leading, coincident and lagging indicators in the U.S. business cycles
Bon, Andrew ; Janíčko, Martin (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis focuses mainly on analysing leading indicators of business cycles within the USA since the 1960s until the present, while providing theoretical background to the coincident and lagging indicators. United States is a country with incredibly rich amounts of data, which enable a thorough analysis of individual variables. First part is dedicated to different theories that explain the behaviour of cyclical fluctuations, such as a monetarist, Keynesian, or real business cycle approaches are included, followed by defining individual cyclical indicators with the provision of examples. Second part consists of actual analysis starting with dating post-war cycles and real GDP development. Three leading indicators are then analysed and evaluated, specifically the amounts of building permits issued, spread between a 10-year Treasury constant maturity bill and Federal funds rate and finally the unemployment insurance claims. Evaluation is based on individual success rates obtained from historical data. The third and final chapter attempts to forecast the economic outlook of the current business cycle using obtained data from the previous chapter. Conclusion provides an overall summary of individual parts along with pointing out the main findings.
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Technological Unemployment and an Attainable Way Out
Pavlova, Adelina ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the available information on the technological unemployment issue. The hypothesis of the thesis is that displacement of workers because of technological development has reasonable chances to happen in the future. Technological unemployment is hotly debated issue. Some part of economists argue that technological unemployment is a short-term problem; others see it as a risk for society. Thus, at this stage it is important to identify controversy in studies, analyze proposed policies and suggest the possible strategies. In order to gain the in depth knowledge required for the thesis a literature synthesis methodology was used. The concluding recommendations for researchers and policy makers include three important point to design an appropriate policy measure: number of population in a region, specialization of a region, previous placement of a worker. The effective solution is considered a mix of policies to target the problem from different prospective.
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Measuring the Cultural Difference in Individual Attitude Towards Risk
Tetenova, Evgeniia ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
Weber, Blais and Bets (2002) found that difference in risk attitudes and behaviour can depend on the context: individuals can change risk attitude across different domains. Among these domains are financial, which consists of investment and gambling, social, recreational, health/safety and ethical. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the differences in risk attitudes between the Czech Republic and Russia. For this purpose data for the empirical analysis was gathered using a questionnaire based on Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) Scale proposed by Weber, Blais and Betz (2002). The collected data were analyzed using linear regression, following Weber, Blais and Betz (2002) and Breuer et al. (2013). The main findings revealed that there is a difference in risk attitude: the participants from Russian sample tend to be more risk-seeking in financial domain, especially in gambling, than the respondents from Czech sample. Also interesting finding is that Russians are more interested in getting profit or any other kind of benefits from the participation in risky activities, while Czechs decide to engage in risky activities by first taking into account their individual perception how risky these activities could be.
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