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Polysemy of Japanese V-V compound verbs- a corpus analysis
Nohejl, Adam ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Rosen, Alexandr (referee)
The thesis analyses Japanese verb-verb compound verbs using a corpus in order to build a pedagogical word list of these verbs accounting for their polysemy. First, the typology and characteristics of Japanese compound verbs are discussed. The following review of pedagogical resources identifies the need for a list of compound verbs and their senses based on frequency criteria. A methodology for creating the word list and assessing its utility to learners is discussed with attention to the characteristics of the Japanese language. The resulting word list based on a corpus analysis (included in the appendix) consists of 37 compound verbs, out of which 32 are lexical, includes 45 senses of lexical compound verbs. It covers 17.95 % of the lexical compound verb occurrences, which is proportional to covering 85 % verbs overall. Finally, the quantitative characteristics of Japanese compound verbs and English phrasal verbs are compared. The comparison shows that the Japanese compound verbs are more frequent and diverse and therefore also likely to be an major stumbling block for language learners.
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Lexical and Morphological Choices in Machine Translation
Tamchyna, Aleš ; Bojar, Ondřej (advisor) ; Čmejrek, Martin (referee) ; Rosen, Alexandr (referee)
This work focuses on two problems in machine translation: lexical choice and target-side morphology. The first problem is the correct transfer of meaning from the source language to the target language. The second problem, which is mainly relevant for morphologically rich target languages, is then the choice of the correct surface form of each target lexeme. We work with these problems within the framework of phrase-based machine translation and we propose a discriminative model of translation which utilizes both source and target context information and which uses rich linguistically motivated features. We show how our model addresses specific weaknesses of standard phrase-based systems and that it provides consistent improvements of translation quality across a broad range of experiments. Apart from our main contribution, we also provide a number of experimental evaluations, analyses and manual annotation experiments, mostly related to English-Czech translation.
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An online collaborative platform for the development of empirical grammars
Garcia Sevilla, Antonio Fernando ; Rosen, Alexandr (advisor) ; Hana, Jiří (referee)
Modern science has seen the rise in prominence of group research projects and other many-person endeavours, in what has been called "Big Science". Computational linguistics is no exception to that, and especially the devel- opment of large linguistic resources is a task best suited for collaborative approaches. In this document, the design and implementation of an environment for doing computational linguistics online is described. The environment is a software tool, with which development of formal grammars and other types of computational linguistic resources can be performed in a collaborative way. The application supports HPSG as an example paradigm of this kind of work. 1
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An HPSG-based Formal Grammar of a Core Fragment of Georgian Implemented in TRALE
Abzianidze, Lasha ; Rosen, Alexandr (advisor) ; Hana, Jiří (referee)
Georgian is remarkably different from Indo-European languages. The language has several linguistic phenomena that are challenging both from theoretical and computational points of view. In addition, it is low- resourced and insufficiently studied from the computational point of view. In the thesis, we model morphology and syntax of a core fragment of the language in a formal grammar. Namely, the formal grammar is written in the HPSG framework - one of the most powerful grammar frameworks nowadays. We also implement the grammar in TRALE - a grammar implementation platform, which is faithful to "hand-written" HPSG-based grammars. Note that this is the first application of HPSG to Georgian.
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Netgraph-A Tool for Searching in the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.0
Mírovský, Jiří ; Hajič, Jan (advisor) ; Rosen, Alexandr (referee) ; Ondruška, Roman (referee)
Three sides existed whose connection is solved in this thesis. First, it was the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.0, one of the most advanced treebanks in the linguistic world. Second, there existed a very limited but extremely intuitive search tool - Netgraph 1.0. Third, there were users longing for such a simple and intuitive tool that would be powerful enough to search in the Prague Dependency Treebank. In the thesis, we study the annotation of the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.0, especially on the tectogrammatical layer, which is by far the most complex layer of the treebank, and assemble a list of requirements on a query language that would allow searching for and studying all linguistic phenomena annotated in the treebank. We propose an extension to the query language of the existing search tool Netgraph 1.0 and show that the extended query language satisfies the list of requirements. We also show how all principal linguistic phenomena annotated in the treebank can be searched for with the query language. The proposed query language has also been implemented - we present the search tool as well and talk about the data format for the tool. An attached CD-ROM contains the installation of the tool.
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