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Legal Protection of the Environment and the Human Health against the Effects of Selected Physical Factors
Pokorná, Lucie ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee) ; Smolek, Martin (referee)
This thesis is focused on the legal protection of the environment and human health from the effects of selected physical factors, especially noise, vibration and ionizing and non- ionizing radiation. In the introduction the thesis defines the every singe physical factor, reminds their effects on the environment and the health and life of humans and especially suggests possible measures to eliminate the negative effects of these factors. The emphasis is placed on clarifying the consistency of these measures with the means of protection. Subsequently, the thesis includes separate chapters devoted to European, Czech and selected international legal instruments of protection from selected physical factors and their comparison. One of the key questions to be dealt in the thesis is the effort to clarify whether and how does the legislation in different countries exploit physical similarity between the studied factors. Another question to answer is to what extent is it (for the effective protection of the environment, life, health and other values) useful to accurately identify and name the sources of threat, and whether the case-focused legal protection, anchoring extensively detailed rules for each previously known source of threat, actually leads to more efficient protection against various sources of risk. It...
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Changes in the spring precipitation characteristics in the Czech republic during the period 1984-2014
Kuchynková, Jindřiška ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Rulfová, Zuzana (referee)
The purpose of this work is a detailed description of spring precipitation totals in the Czech Republic, which has not been examined in more detail yet. The main aims of the diploma thesis are i) comparison of precipitation characteristics at individual stations for the period 1984-2014 and analysis of temporal and spatial variability of precipitation, ii) division of stations into three categories (lowland stations, stations in middle positions, mountain stations) based on altitude, average spring total precipitation and surrounding relief, and iii) division of stations by cluster analysis and comparison of precipitation characteristics between individual categories of stations obtained by subjective and objective methods. Statistical and precipitation characteristics include monthly and seasonal precipitation total, numbers of wet and dry days, numbers of days with a total above 5,10,15, and 20 mm, frequency and length of dry and wet periods, index of torrential rainfall and trends of these characteristics. The results show increasing linear trends of spring precipitation totals in all station categories, however these trends are statistically insignificant. The driest stations are lowland stations with an average spring precipitation total of 139,3 mm, the highest median of 169 dry periods, and...
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Criminal Liability of Legal Persons
Pokorná, Lucie ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
Title of diploma thesis in English language, abstract in English language and 3 keywords in English language Title of diploma thesis in English language: Criminal liability of legal persons Abstract in English language: In this diploma thesis, the author deals in more detail with the criminal liability of legal persons. Although Act No. 418/2011 Coll., On the criminal liability of legal persons and proceedings against them, has been in force for nine years, the topic of criminal liability of legal persons is still very topical and frequently discussed. Due to the fact that the legal regulation in this area is relatively extensive, the author focuses only on some institutes of criminal liability of legal persons, which she dealt with in more detail. The first part of this thesis covers private law, where the concept of legal person, the characteristics of a legal person and the characteristics of individual legal persons are approached. In this part of the thesis, the author points out in particular that a correct understanding of the concept of legal person is necessary for a proper understanding of the criminal liability of legal persons and the reasons that led to its entrenchment. In the second part, the author deals with individual arguments that are not only in favour but also against the introduction...
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Relationship between the UV index and selected parameters
Tomanová, Helena ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Metelka, Ladislav (referee)
Relationship between the UV index and selected parameters Abstract Ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation) is a shortwave radiation with wavelengths from 100 to 400 nm. This radiation has both positive and negative effects on living organisms and human health. Therefor the so-called UV index (UVI), characterizing the biological effect of UV radiation on human health was defined in 1994. This thesis aims to evaluate the link between selected factors (total ozone column, solar elevation angel, cloudiness and altitude) and the UVI values. Observed data at four stations in Czechia (Hradec Králové, Košetice, Kuchařovice, Labská bouda) and SYNOP reports from the four nearest stations during the period 2010−2017 were used. The Sun elevation (angle of Sun ray) has the strongest effect on the UVI values. The highest UVI values are generally reached at high angels when the Sun rays go the shortest path through the atmosphere. The increase of the UVI is exponential, from an angle of 30ř the increase is approximately linear. The UVI values increase on average by 0.8 at the Hradec Králové station and by 0.9 at the Labská bouda station for angle increasing by 5ř. The effect of clouds is significant and depends on the height and the clouds amount. High level clouds reduce UVI negligible, overcast sky by only 15 %. Medium and...
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The relationships between atmospheric circulation and surface climatic elements in Europe
Pokorná, Lucie ; Huth, Radan (advisor)
The relationships between atmospheric circulation and surface climatic elements in Europe Lucie Pokorná Abstract The variability of atmospheric circulation is the most important factor determining the changes in surface climatic elements. In this work, the relationship between atmospheric circulation and surface climatic elements like the temperature and the precipitation amounts and occurrence over the European region and some other climatic elements in central Europe is focused. The atmospheric circulation during the year is represented by modes of low-frequency circulation variability in sea level pressure (SLP) and 500-hPa heights (Z500) obtained by using statistical method "Principal component analysis". The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to describe the relationship between modes and climatic elements. Four circulation patterns in Z500 over Euro-Atlantic sector influence climate in Europe all over the year: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern, the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, and two Eurasian patterns (EU1, EU2). There were found patterns in SLP that strongly correlate with modes of the Z500 and influence surface climate similar way. Statistically important correlations of modes in Z500 and SLP with maximum, minimum and mean temperature, precipitation amounts and occurrence of...
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Kubánský politický režim po odchodu Fidela Castra
Pokorná, Lucie
The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to analyze the progression of cuban political regime after the Fidel Castro´s era and the regime with the new head of state Raúl Castro, who was replaced by present cuban prezident Miguel Díaz-Canel. The thesis contains brief historical description of the regime, changes and progression, which have occured which the new head of state. The thesis describes cuban politic regime after the year 2008, when Raúl Castro had became a head of state and contains comparison with the Fidel Castro´s regime. This thesis has descriptive-analytically character and is based on relevant sources and literature.
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The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region and their consequences
Pinc, Martin ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region and their consequences Abstract This paper studies findings from researches that describe development of a climate change in the Alps. This text shows geography of the Alps, models that define future temperature changes and natural and human factors which affect climate change in the Alpine region. One of the main topics in this paper are possible consequences of the climate change. This paper studies climate change in the Swiss Alps and in Wallis Alps on Swiss-Italian border. The next section of this paper studies scenarios of climate change and divides them according to emission development. Paper also shows the projected temperature changes in the Alps. The main goal of this work is to accurately describe climate change models used in the Alpine region, to discuss their reliability and to determine in which cases the model temperatures differ from temperature data measured at meteorogical stations. Another goal of this work is to determine physical and human factors that contribute to surface temperature warming in the Alps. This paper also shows predictions of temperature development in the Alps and its possible consequences. In the Alps, The projected temperatures are compared with measured temperatures. Predicted temperatures are then...
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Changes in snowpack in the czech mountains during the last 50 years
Zuzáková, Eliška ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Zíková, Naděžda (referee)
This work focuses on the progressive development of snow cover in the last fifty years in Krkonoše, Jizerské mountains and Šumava regions. According to scientific papers and studies, a decrease of snow or snow precipitation is observed on some areas. Snow is an essential part of the natural hydrological cycle and the climate system. The review is focused on the climate changes in the Czech republic, snow and its characteristics. The practical part containes an analysis of the meteorological data from selected stations and the discussion of the snow cover changes during the period 1964-2014. Key words: Czech republic, number of days with snow cover, snow depth
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Recent changes of sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic
Kodetová, Tereza ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Křížová, Milada (referee)
Sea surface temperatures (SST) have been changing in all world's oceans in the last decades; these changes have an impact on the continental climate. This bachelor thesis focuses on the recent changes of SST in the North Atlantic and their influence on the climate change in Europe. The first part of the thesis describes the physical-geographical characteristics of the North Atlantic. It consists of its divisions, bottom and coastal characteristics, spatial distributions of the water temperature and a water salinity. It also includes a description of the atmospheric circulation that occurs over the North Atlantic and the circulation inside of the North Atlantic. The second part of the bachelor thesis focuses on the SST and its measurement, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and a long-term changes which occur, and furthermore on the impact of these changes on the climate change in Europe. The results of the studies have shown that the biggest impact of SST changes in the North Atlantic is visible during summer months. These are the times of the greatest anomalies in the temperatures and precipitation, either on the positive or negative scale, depending on the phase of AMO or North Atlantic Oscillation. Key words: air temperature, Europe, Noth Atlantic, precipitation, sea surface temperature
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The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region and their consequences
Pinc, Martin ; Pokorná, Lucie (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region and their consequences Abstract This paper studies findings from researches that describe development of a climate change in the Alps. This text shows geography of the Alps, and also models that define future temperature changes and natural and human factors which affect climate change in the Alpine region. One of the main topics in this paper are possible consequences of the climate change. This paper studies climate change in the Swiss Alps and in Wallis Alps on Swiss-Italian border. The next section of this paper studies scenarios of climate change and divides them according to emission development. Paper also shows the projected temperature changes in the Alps. The last chapter of this paper describes modelling of climate change using tree-ring based temperature reconstructions. The main goal of this work is to accurately describe climate change models used in the Alpine region, to discuss their reliability and to determine in which cases the model temperatures differ from temperature data measured at meteorogical stations. Another goal of this work is to determine physical and human factors that contribute to surface temperature warming in the Alps. This paper also shows predictions of temperature development in the Alps and its...
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