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Women's Free Will in the Caesarean Section Indication
Křepelka, Petr ; Payne, Jan (advisor) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee) ; Calda, Pavel (referee)
Currently, Caesarean section is the most commonly indicated procedure. The proportion of caesarean deliveries continues to rise and the spectrum of surgical indications has broadened dramatically. This contemplation focuses on the ethical dilemmas arising during the indication of a Caesarean section: a refusal of a Caesarean section by a pregnant woman when there is a rationally-empirical indication and an enforced Caesarean section. The importance of the woman free will in the process of operating indication closely relates to the issue of the Caesarean section upon request. The assessment of the ethical acceptability of the individual surgical indications is performed on the grounds of confrontation of the pregnant woman's dignity and the dignity of human fetus and subsequently by reflections on theoretical duties and resulting parental responsibilities on the one hand and the right to self-determination of a pregnant women on the other. The fetal dignity is given by its value, attributed to it by the pregnant woman and by the human society. It has always been inferior to the dignity of a pregnant woman. Determining of specific positive duties a pregnant woman has towards the fetus is a very controversial issue and it is impossible to codify them legally despite the unquestionable social character of a...
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Psychosocial Problems of Patients with Myasthenia Gravis
Hromířová, Kristýna ; Hejzlarová, Lenka (advisor) ; Payne, Jan (referee)
The thesis is focused on the psychosocial problems of patients with myastheia gravis. Theoretical part of the work is focuses on disease Myasthenia gravis, on process how the patients suffer crisis situation owing to rise diasease. Psychosocial area at a sudennly incurred disease - myasthenia gravis. Thanks to the analysis of semi-structured dialogues with the neurologic intensive unit patients, how factors are help for their, how are they have relation at therapeutics and have they sufficiency information.
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The Idea of Gene and some of It's Ethical Consequences
Franková, Věra ; Payne, Jan (advisor) ; Brdička, Radim (referee) ; Križan, Peter (referee)
The term gene was coined in 1909 by Wilhelm Johannsen to designate theoretical unit of genetic analysis. Concept of the gene has changed over time due to progress in genetics and its experimental practice. Currently used molecular concept is based on linear correspondence between DNA sequence and its product (Waters 2007). It also describes gene as discrete physical structure - DNA segment with clearly defined boundaries. But the investigation of wide range of genomes has put the molecular concept of gene into doubt. The aim of PhD thesis is to specify the term gene by employing mechanical, semantic and hermeneutic interpretation (Payne 2002, 101-124). It summarizes history of the gene and presents some of the biological findings that undermine the molecular concept. In biological context the gene is always connected to DNA molecule. But it can be shown that DNA functions only as a mediator or carrier, and the substance of gene is not material but it has a character of information. Therefore in the semantic view the gene is information containing instruction for development of phenotypic trait which is specified by medical or other theoretical interest. Hermeneutical interpretation of the gene can be point out in clinical genetics. Here the gene is also information containing instruction for development of...
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