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Leishmania tropica: immunopathology and genetic control
Sohrabi, Yahya ; Lipoldová, Marie (advisor) ; Pravenec, Michal (referee) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by female sand flies. The outcome of Leishmania infection depends both on host and pathogen factors. Similarly as L. major, L. tropica very often causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans, but in rare occasions can also visceralize and cause systemic disease. Leishmaniasis cause by L. tropica has become a major public health problem in different endemic foci due to recent outbreaks in several urban areas and spread to new regions. The complications of the disease and lack of safe and effective drug and vaccine against the L. tropica infection require considerable attention to studies of the host-L. tropica interaction. Until recently, the research of leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica was limited due to lack of suitable inbred model and difficulties in inducing infection in animals. The aims of the present project were development of a suitable mouse model of the infection caused by L. tropica, and the study of mechanisms of the disease, and also mapping controlling genes/loci. We analysed susceptibility to L. tropica infection using recombinant congenic (RC) CcS/Dem mouse strains. These strains differ greatly in susceptibility to L. major due to random distribution of 12.5% of STS...
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Experimental murine leishmaniasis and its application for drug discovery and study of host-pathogen interactions
Grekov, Igor ; Lipoldová, Marie (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee) ; Šírová, Milada (referee)
Leishmania spp. have a great clinical significance, being a causative agent of leishmaniasis. Leishmania is transmitted to its vertebrate hosts by phlebotomine sand flies. In vertebrates, the parasites infect professional phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages) and a variety of other cells. Clinical symptoms of leishmaniasis range from lesions, local or disseminated, to mucosal and visceral pathology. Twelve million people are infected with Leishmania and 350 million people are under risk of infection in 88 countries. Yet, no vaccine has been developed and the treatment needs significant improvement. In this regard, animal models of leishmaniasis play a key role in understanding the mechanisms of the disease and in finding ways to treat and prevent it. This thesis summarizes the results of my Ph.D. project devoted to refinement of procedures relevant to Leishmania studies and to the use of the optimized protocols for gene mapping and search for antileishmanial drugs. Large-scale cultivation of infective Leishmania parasites is important in a wide range of experimental setups. We adapted a biphasic SNB-9 medium for the large-scale cultivation of Leishmania and compared it with a common liquid medium. We also modified and optimised detection and quantification of Leishmania with PCR-ELISA by using...
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Heat shock proteins - their role in diagnosis and prognosis of pregnancy-related complications
Dvořáková, Lenka ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Lipoldová, Marie (referee)
Heat shock proteins provide a universal stress response to cells, for example, exposed to high temperature, heavy metals, extreme pH, infection, inflammation, oxygen radicals, or in case of lack of nutrients and oxygen. We assumed that stress conditions associated with pregnancy-related complications will result in a change in gene expression profile of heat shock proteins we selected for the study. Heat shock protein mRNA levels (Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90α and HspBP1) were tested in placental tissue, whole peripheral venous blood and maternal plasma in women with the following pregnancy-related complications - preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational hypertension (GH), spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and normal pregnancies. We also investigated whether the severity of the disease had any impact on hsp gene expression in particular biological samples. In placental tissue, overexpression of Hsp27, Hsp90α and HspBP1 was found in patients with mild preeclampsia (that does not require immediate termination of pregnancy if properly treated), and in women with late onset of preeclampsia with clinical manifestation after 34th week of gestation. Concerning preterm birth, overexpression of Hsp27 and Hsp60 was observed in both groups (PTB...
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Study of properties of bent FRP reinforcement
Lipoldová, Marie ; Prokeš,, Jan (referee) ; Bodnárová, Lenka (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the study of bent FRP reinforcements with the main focus on the methods of production of bent FRP reinforcement, examples of their application in structures. The work also mentions the effects of aggressive environments on the durability of FRP. In the practical part, a search of the possibilities of testing the properties of bent FRP reinforcement. Subsequently, an experiment is designed and performed to monitor changes in the properties of straight and bent FRP reinforcement exposed to the alkaline environment and water at 20 °C and 40 °C. Finally, the evaluation of changes in mechanical properties and observation of reinforcements using optical and scanning electron microscopy is performed.
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Genetic regulation of Leishmania infection
Sohrabi, Yahya ; Lipoldová, Marie (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee) ; Kolářová, Iva (referee)
6 Abstract Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease, which belongs to the top health problems because it is endemic in 98 countries in Asia, Africa, the Americas and the Mediterranean region, and is gradually expanding to new areas, including Central Europe and USA. Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis include a diverse range of forms, ranging from non-lethal cutaneous leishmaniasis to potentially lethal visceral leishmaniasis. Asymptomatic cases are known to exist in endemic areas. Different species of Leishmania induce distinct symptoms, but even the patients infected by the same species develop different symptoms and may respond differently to the treatment. Thus, one of the challenges is to explain the observed variability of leishmaniasis that cannot be attributed to the currently known factors. To find novel regulatory factors of the disease we tested molecules that were shown to play role in other infections and mapped loci controlling parasite load after L. major infection. We also determined genetic control of survival after infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in order to establish whether there are common elements in response to L. major and TBEV. Interferon-induced GTPases (guanylate-binding proteins, GBPs) play an important role in inflammasome activation and mediate...
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Cement Composite for 3D Printing Technology
Lipoldová, Marie ; Hela, Rudolf (referee) ; Bodnárová, Lenka (advisor)
3D printing technology represents a fast-growing industry within many industrial sectors. This bachelor thesis is focused on possibilities of using 3D printing technology in building industry. In the theoretical part there are stated typical technologies and realizations of 3D printing in the field of construction. The thesis also includes a research which is essential for the determination of requirements for cement composites for 3D printing technologies including tests for verification of their properties. The experimental part of the bachelor thesis is focused on testing of various recipes of cementitious composites, especially on the properties of both fresh and hardened composites. Two batches were tested for the suitability of utilisation of waste PET particles.
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Genotype influence on development of infections caused by Trypanosomatidae in mouse
Šíma, Matyáš ; Lipoldová, Marie (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee) ; Kolářová, Iva (referee)
Parasitic protists of genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania are members of Trypanosomatidae family. In our studies, we investigated genetic influence on infections caused by these parasites in a mouse model. These diseases are on genetic level controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), when the resulting phenotype is controlled by set of genes with small individual effect. As a mouse model for mapping of QTLs controlling these infections, we used recombinant congenic strains (RCS). Each RCS carry unique set of 12.5% of the genome from donor parental strain on genetic background of other parental strain. For mapping of QTLs controlling infections caused by Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei) and Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) and eosinophil infiltration into inguinal lymph nodes after Leishmania major (L. major) infection, we used RCS from CcS/Dem series, where STS is donor strain and BALB/cHeA is strain of genetic background. First, it was necessary to find suitable model strains for mapping. In all three studies, we selected RCS, which exceeded range of monitored phenotype parameters in comparison with any other tested RCS or parental strains. Mice of RCS CcS-11 showed shorter survival after T. b. brucei infection and strain CcS-9 exhibited higher eosinophil infiltration after L. major infection. For...
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