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Application of Specific UV Absorbance (SUVA) for natural organic matter characterization
Vítková, Tereza ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Barešová, Magdalena (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the characterization of parameter of specific UV absorbance SUVA, which has currently been used during water treatment to estimate the reactivity of natural organic matter (NOM) to form byproducts of water disinfection. First, it was used to assess the potential formation of trihalogenmethane (THM) and it has been used instead of complicated measurement (Edzwald et al., 1985). Since then, its use has amended several times and currently the SUVA ability to predict the formation of individual classes of DBPs (Disinfection By-Products) on hygiene of drinking water has been studied most. Most of the studies examine in particular the formation of THMs and HAAS (haloacetic acids) which are strictly regulated because of their harmful properties for the environment and human health. Its questionless advantage is a quick and easy setting directly in the water treatment plants. However, the existing studies provide quite contradictory conclusions regarding its practical benefits to really predict how the water reacts with disinfectant and forms DBPs during the treatment. Based on the evaluation of the available literature SUVA seems to be more suitable for humic nature water which is similar with its physical properties. Vice versa, using SUVA for water containing AOM is...
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Influence of algal organic matter on coagulation of phytoplanktonic cells
Stránská, Štěpánka ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Barešová, Magdalena (referee)
When algal or cyanobacterial populations increase in drinking water reservoirs, water treatment technologies have to cope not only with increased cell numbers but also with algal organic matter (AOM). The presence of cells and AOM in raw water causes some problems in the drinking water treatment process that can lead to the drinking water production of unsatisfactory quality. Residual algae cells and AOM can form toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Therefore, to maintain the cell integrity and prevent the release of AOM, it is essential for algae-polluted water treatment. This thesis examines the influence of AOM on coagulation of algal and cyanobacterial cells. The efficiency of coagulation is affected by various algae characteristics. The important have particularly the dependence of the coagulant dose on the cell surface area and the size and value of the surface charge of cells. It has been demonstrated that AOM can have not only negative but also positive influence on coagulation of cells. The presence of high concentrations particularly of low molecular weight (MW) AOM results in inhibition of coagulation. On the other hand, coagulation is improved by low concentration of high-MW AOM (particularly proteins) at approximately pH 4-6. Nowadays, for removal coagulated cells dissolved air...
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Influence of peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa on coagulation process
Barešová, Magdalena ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the mechanisms involved in the coagulation of peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, and to describe their influence on the coagulation of hydrophobic kaolin suspension. According to the results of jar tests, the coagulation effectiveness and removability of COM peptides/proteins and kaolin particles are heavily dependent on pH value which determines charge characteristics of peptides/proteins, kaolin and hydrolysis products of coagulant and therefore the prevailing mechanisms of interactions between them. Efficient coagulation and the highest removal of COM peptides and proteins were achieved in the pH range of 4-6 due to charge neutralization of peptide/protein negative surface by positively charged hydrolysis products of ferric coagulant. Peptides and proteins contributed to the coagulation of kaolin particles under the reaction conditions mentioned above, too. Charge neutralization and adsorption were found to be the dominant coagulation mechanisms under these conditions. At a low COM/Fe concentration ratio (COM/Fe < 0.33), adsorption of peptides/proteins onto ferric oxide-hydroxide particles, described as the electrostatic patch model, enabled the coagulation in the pH range of 6-8. On the...
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Mapping Of Litavka Basin Using GIS
Barešová, Magdalena ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The purpose of this work is the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) for a model evaluation of a selected area of Litavka basin. The theoretical section focuses on the description of GIS, GPS and selected GIS projects (ZABAGED, National inventory of contaminated sites, ArcČR500). The practical area focuses on processing the data. There were several thematic layers created including: the digital terrain model (DTM), thematic layer on the slope, aspect to the north, and a layer of aerial photographs containing current and historical status. The project was completed with a thematic layer of test sampling profiles. The practical part included a chemical analysis of water samples from Litavka carried out in Laboratory of water protection of the Institute for Environmental Studies. The purpose was to demonstrate the influence of rural agglomeration on water quality changes. The quality grade of the flow was determined by appointed indicators according to the Czech Technical Standard CSN 75 7221 Water quality. All data was entered into the GIS project. Key words Geographical Information System, mapping, Digital Terrain Model, Global Positioning System, Litavka, river basin/watershed, quality of surface water
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