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Problems with recycling of lithium from unusable batteries
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Dufek, V. ; Němečková-Hrnčířová, M.
The article describes critical stage of LIB recycling, that is, safe opening of the batteries to permit subsequent thermal treatment. LIB contain volatile, toxic and explosive components in hermetically sealed metallic or glassy containers. In LIB electrolytes such as Li-MH, Li /CF Li/SO2, Li-ion or Li-ion-polymer, and also Li-MnO2, Li-SOCl2, Li2FeS2 and Lipon (lithium and phosphorus oxide-nitride), the following compounds can be identified: polypropylen carbonate, ethylen carbonate, dimetoxyethane, various glykol esthers, lithium perchlorate or lithium fluoride-phosphate solutions. These can increase the risk of explosion when heated. Most of LIB producers do not disclose the composition; thus, every new type of battery is a specific item, from the cleanup point of view. The positive information about less flammable or non-toxic components of new LIB types, such as fluorated aryles, polyacryl-nitryl gels or phosphorus chelatocomplexes, do not make the recycling issues easier.
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Rubidium and cesium from waste materials
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Dufek, V. ; Hrnčířová, M.
This paper is a continuation of work presented at Metal 2004, „Perspectives of exploitation of Czech lithium resources“, based on the MPO FF-P2/057 project. The results indicated that extensive analytical methods for lithium-containing waste materials (found in the Ore Mountains, especially around Cínovec/Zinnwald, Li content about 0.2%), after wolframite processing, permit also to trace the content of rubidium and cesium. These elements are gradually gaining industrial importance. Initially, this fact was used for routine analyses of samples from various locations, as the easily-determined Rb content was regularly 5:1 to Li content, which is far more difficult to determine. However, previous efforts to simplify the analyses led to different results from different laboratories. Thus, we decided to unify the methodology and explore the possibility of extracting these elements during lithium recycling. This would make the new technology more economical.
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Perpectives of cyech lithium sources exploitation
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Dufek, V.
In the mineral reserve balance of Czech republic there is filed more than 53 Mt of Sn-W ores with 0,208 - 0,286 % Li content, but unfortunately this low content did not lately allow to take advantage of their exploitation in competition with cheap processing e.g. of German company CHEMETALL. In sixtieth years after promising start of lithium carbonate production from zinnwaldite in Lachema Kaznějov the researchers of Institute of Chemical Technology Prague prepared metallic lithium by classical electrolytic process from chloride melt. The metal was destined first for lithium hydride an lithium aluminium hydride production. The establishing of such production failed from different reasons. The predominant part of domestic lithium sources is constituted as ferrous micas. Therefore the possibility to obtain concentrates, which would be acceptable from economic point of view reveals in magnetic separation, especially by the use of highly intensive superconducting magnets. They can deliver concentrates with about five time higher lithium content.
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