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The effects of government spending in segmented labor and financial markets
Stojanović, Dušan
This paper develops a model with high-skilled and low-skilled workers to show the expansionary effects of government spending despite large training costs for new hires. The main idea is that a fiscal stimulus induces changes in the composition of the labor force conditional on the extent of aggregate demand pressure. A period of high aggregate demand pressure is followed by a high value of forgone output as training activity causes production disruption. In this period firms decide to hire more low-skilled workers, who constitute a cheaper part of the labor force. When aggregate demand pressure is diminished, firms switch to hiring more high-skilled workers. However, the current literature considers only high-skilled workers, who tend to increase saving in government bonds to protect against poor employment prospects. In this case, the combination of weak employment prospects and the crowding-out effects of higher lump-sum taxes and government debt on private consumption and capital investment gives rise to recessionary effects. In contrast, this paper provides a model with a more realistic labor and financial market structure and suggests that countercyclical government spending in the form of government consumption and especially government investment can be used to deal with recessions.\n
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Archaeological analogs for verification of container lifetime models for deep radioactive waste repositories : Final report of project TK01010040
Stoulil, J. ; Mukhtar, S. ; Lhotka, M. ; Bureš, R. ; Kašpar, V. ; Šachlová, Š. ; Pecková, A. ; Havlová, V. ; Danielisová, Alžběta ; Malyková, Drahomíra ; Barčáková, Ludmila ; Machová, Barbora ; Březinová, Helena ; Ottenwelter, Estelle ; Němeček, J. ; Němeček, J.
More than 200 artefacts from 15 localities were studied within the scope of this project. 4 localities were crucial, because those were pond beds with continual flooding. Soils at all localities were coarser compared to bentonites and lacked swelling ability. Pore solutions of the soils were very similar to bentonite pore solutions. They differ in cation composition, but anion composition was similar, which is more important for corrosion behaviour. The environment was not completely anaerobic, what influenced the composition of corrosion products. The compounds were oxides and oxohydroxides. Very low oxidation-reduction potential (fully anaerobic environment) is necessary for the formation of carbonate-based corrosion products, that were detected as major corrosion products in the previous lab and in situ experiments on another projects. Nevertheless, the oxygen transport was very slow and the contribution of aerobic corrosion was negligible compared to anaerobic corrosion. The evaluation of archaeological artefacts revealed very important factors influencing corrosion mechanism in latter stage of soil burial. Precipitation of corrosion products is a driving phenomenon for transport limitation and decrease of corrosion rate in the early stage of burial, while the ferrous species transport is limited extensively within the latter stage resulting in mechanical stress of inner corrosion products layers to previously formed corrosion products and subsequent cracking. This mechanical damage is repeated in the cycle. The mechanical properties of corrosion products are poor, they are easily deformable and very porous. The project has revealed a very important phenomenon, necessary for the right lifetime estimation, which would not be obvious based on the short-term experiments data.
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Mechanické zkoušky skelného laminátu: Vlákno - 3B the fibreglass company, N-4760 BIRKELAND, Norway, SE 2020 1200TEX, CoA 7841810_000010 od 15.6.23, Pryskyřice - Spolek pro chemickou a hutní výrobu a.s., CHS-EPODUR 532- 0542,CoA CA12210056,57 od 11.4.23
Šperl, Martin ; Vála, Ondřej ; Bejdl, Jan ; Frankeová, Dita
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Report on survey of salinity of masonries under 3rd courtyard at Prague Castle
Slížková, Zuzana ; Náhunková, Pavla
In 2022, the characterization of the chemical composition and amount of salt efflorescence on archaeological constructions under Prague Castle was supplemented by two new locations (at the site of the foundations of the Chapel of St. Bartholomew and near the northern wall of zone III). In the results, carbonate minerals were not detected as in previous years (except for calcite in small quantities). Sodium sulfate was again the majority component in the efflorescences. Using thermal analysis, the presence of sodium sulfate in the form of mirabilite was confirmed in the samples taken in February. The high contamination of marlstone with nitrates and chlorides in today's crown of the chapel's masonry of St. Bartholomew and increased sulfate contamination in the plinth section was detected. Conversely, no risk values of water-soluble ions were detected in the mortar or the black bricks of the perimeter wall.
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