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The search for new spin-liquid materials - synthesis of kagome and pyrochlore fluoride magnets
Kancko, Andrej ; Colman, Ross Harvey (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a new AA′ B2F7-type pyrochlore fluoride family, NaCdB2F7 (B = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) predicted by a cal- culated pyrochlore structural tolerance factor, as well as the synthesis of new kagome flu- orides Na3CdCo3AlF14, Rb2SnCo3F12 and Cs2ZrCo3F12, aiming to expand the knowledge about the frustrated pyrochlore and kagome antiferromagnets. The synthesis techniques included solid-state reactions, laser floating zone melting and melt crystallization. All pyrochlore fluorides were successfully synthesized, although only B = Zn, Co, Mn and Ni as phase-pure single crystals. PXRD refinements confirmed the Fd̄3m structure in all synthesized pyrochlores, while SCXRD showed full Na/Cd disorder on the A-site and no A/B intersite mixing in the Co pyrochlore. Magnetization measurements revealed domi- nant antiferromagnetic interactions evidenced by large negative Curie-Weiss temperatures (from -38 K in Mn to -108 K in Co), with a spin-freezing transition below 4 K in B = Co, Mn and Ni, evidenced by further AC susceptibility and heat capacity measurements in Co and Mn. Cu showed no spin freezing down to the lowest-measured temperature, 1.8 K, implying a very large magnetic frustration. Fe has not been measured due to the large impurity content. The...
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Criminal liability in healthcare with focus on an analysis of Czech and Slovak court rulings
Kodýmová, Kateřina ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
1 Criminal liability in healthcare with focus on an analysis of Czech and Slovak court rulings Abstract This master's thesis deals with the issue of criminal liability of healthcare workers. The aim of this thesis is to create a comprehensive overview of the Czech legislation of the relevant part of criminal law and individual institutes of medical law and to present related case law. Slovak legislation is used for comparison. The thesis consists of six parts, the first chapter is focused on the legal regulation of medical law and its international and national sources. It also deals with types of legal liability of healthcare professionals such as civil, labour, administrative and disciplinary liability. The second and one of the most extensive chapters approaches criminal liability and its necessary conditions. It describes the current concept of crime in more detail as well as the analysis of the necessity of the principle of subsidiarity of criminal repression. It also includes legal regulation of criminal liability of legal entities. The third chapter is dedicated to a cardinal concept - lex artis as an appropriate level of expertise, which contains a number of obligations that every healthcare worker must comply with. The process of proving criminal liability of medical workers in criminal proceedings...
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Survey of the validity of personality questionnaires in the prediction of work performance
Červený, Daniel ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Hynek (referee)
The main goal of the rigorous work is to find key personality dimensions for predicting work performance in selected job positions. In the introduction, the author focuses on placing the subject of rigorous work in the context of the sociological disciplines of sociology of work and sociology of business. In the next part, the author focuses on the development of individual industrial revolutions and organization approaches. We currently live in Industry 4.0, which is associated with digitization, robotization, implementation of automated process in work activities and growing demand for new skills and competences. In addition to new expertise, soft skills are increasingly in demand. In the next part, research into the validity of BIG-5, 15FQ1 and CPAI-2 personality questionnaires in predicting work performance is analyzed, ways of working with soft competences within the Czech Republic are identified, and links of these competences to the individual scales of the Bochum Personality Questionnaire (BIP) and the Performance Motivation Questionnaire (LMI) are found. In the final part, the author deals with the conducted surveys. The aim of the survey among HR professionals was to identify the required values of the BIP and LMI questionnaire scales for selected job positions in terms of the success of...
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Drug addiction and perinatal stress
Kroupová, Anna ; Šlamberová, Romana (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee) ; Stuchlík, Aleš (referee)
Introduction: Methamphetamine (MA) belongs to the psychostimulants with a central stimulating and anorectic effect. It has been found that MA is the most frequently abused drug of drug-addicted pregnant women. Drug abuse of mother can cause worsening maternal behavior and delayed offspring development. Prenatal application of MA can also lead to long- term changes in behavior, cognition and social interaction. It was also shown that maternal injections induce long-lasting effects on stress responsiveness in adult progeny. Stress and drug addiction are therefore closely connected. In children, perinatal stress is associated with cognitive, behavioral, physical and emotional problems as well as with autism. In adults, it is linked to depression and schizophrenia. In animals, perinatal stress reduces social play and social behavior, increases anxiety and impairs cognitive functions. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to determine the effect of perinatal factors such as prenatal MA/stress and/or early postnatal stress on sensorimotor development of pups and their mothers' behavior during lactation period, social behavior and oxytocin levels in juvenile age and subsequently on cognitive functions and behavior of exposed offspring in adulthood. For all behavioral tests of offspring, we monitor the possible...
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Evaluation of gene expression of selected ABC and SLC transporters in the HTR-8/SVneo cell line during stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines
Pokorná, Petra ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Petra Pokorná Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Simona Dudičová Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of gene expression of selected ABC and OATP transporters in the HTR-8/SVneo cell line during stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines Placenta is the first and the largest fetal organ that gradually develops during pregnancy and plays an essential role in the development of the fetus. It fulfills the entire spectrum of functions, ensures the transport of nutrients to the fetus and the removal of waste substances back into the maternal circulation, protects the fetus from toxins, and at the same time fulfills a certain mechanical and especially immunological barrier between mother and fetus. One of the main functions of the placenta is the transport function which is made possible by membrane transporters present mainly in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. Transporters in the human placenta can be divided into two families, SLC and ABC which are further divided into several subfamilies. The expression of transporters changes physiologically during pregnancy, but pathological conditions such as inflammation can also influence the expression....
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Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscularly Administered Thermoresponsive Polyacrylamides
Groborz, Ondřej
6 Pharmacokinetics of Intramuscularly Administered Thermoresponsive Polyacrylamides Author: Ondřej Groborz Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Hrubý, Ph.D., DSc. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Advisers: Ing. Pavel Švec RNDr. Lenka Loukotová, PhD. Abstract Polymer solutions with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) undergo a phase separation when heated above their cloud point temperature (TCP). These thermoresponsive polymers have numerous promising medicinal applications, such as in situ depot-forming radiotherapy (brachytherapy), controlled drug-release, immuno-radiotherapy, injectable thermogelling for tissue engineering and cell culture and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), among others. Yet, despite extensive research on medicinal applications of thermoresponsive polymers, their fate after their administration remains largely unknown. Thus, in our study, we synthesized and thoroughly characterized four different thermoresponsive polyacrylamides, namely poly(N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide), poly(N- isopropylacrylamide), poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) and poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidine) under physiologically relevant conditions. Subsequently, we determined their biodistribution kinetics in mice and proposed a data-based pharmacological model to describe their in vivo behaviour,...
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Study on interactions of PARP inhibitors with ABC drug efflux transporters
Dziaková, Lucia ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Lucia Dziaková Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study on interactions of PARP inhibitors with ABC drug efflux transporters. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are integral membrane proteins that use the energy obtained from ATP to carry transport of numerous endogenous substrances out of the cells, but attention is drawn primarily to the fact that they transfer also xenobiotics. Their overexpression in tumor tissue contributes to multidrug resistance (MDR), which in most cases leads to therapy failure. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) represent a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancers that exhibit defects in homologous recombination (HR). This work focuses on four selected PARPi (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, veliparib) and their interaction potential towards ABC drug efflux transporters (ABCB, ABCC1, ABCG2). In our work, we worked with MDCKII cells (parent, transduced by the transporters of interest) and utilized the principle of accumulation studies based on the measurement of fluorescence intensity of specific model substrates (hoechst33342, calcein AM, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone). We used established inhibitors of studied...
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The Criminalization of Cyberattacks on Information Systems
Stanková, Pavla ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
NÁZEV DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE The Criminalization of Cyberattacks on Information Systems ABSTRACT This master thesis deals with the issue of criminalization of attacks on information systems. The topicality of the topic is supported by the rapid development of information and communication technologies and the shift of everyday activities to the virtual environment. Nowadays, cybercrime poses a growing danger not only to individuals but also to the state. The aim of this thesis is to introduce cyberattacks and to classify them criminally. Furthermore, attention is concentrated on the procedural aspect of attacks, in particular on their detection, investigation and the procedure of international cooperation. The transnational and international framework in the fight against cybercrime is not omitted. The thesis seeks to identify what problematic aspects domestic legislation faces and what future developments in the field of cybercrime can be expected. The introductory section explains the basic terms that are used extensively in the thesis. Subsequently, key international instruments in the fight against cybercrime are introduced. The focus is on introducing the different types of cyberattacks and their subsequent criminal classification. The subsequent part introduces the procedural level of the...
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International Commercial Mediation in the Context of the Singapore Convention
Vrábel Porteš, Veronika ; Pauknerová, Monika (referee)
International Commercial Mediation in the Context of the Singapore Convention Abstract The thesis deals with the topic of mediation in private international law, focusing on the enforceability of mediation agreements arising from international commercial disputes. The thesis is focused on the Singapore Convention, which was signed in August 2019, and marginally on the related UNCITRAL Model Law on Mediation. Although the success of the Singapore Convention will depend largely on the political actions and motivations of individual states, in order for it to be used by private actors, an analysis of the construction of the international norm in question is necessary. The aim of this work is to answer the question whether the regulation of mediation in international commercial law has its justifiable importance. In order to answer this question, the an analysis of the current legislative framework and the conditions for the performance of mediation agreements in international conventions and other international source sis performed, in relation to the EU and the Czech law. At the same time, unclear issues of the legislation in question are highlighted, also with regard to the transposition of EU regulations into Czech legislation, and possible ways of bridging them. A comparison of the sources of legislation...
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Effect of darunavir and atazanavir on ABCB1 and CYP3A4 expression in human precision-cut intestinal slices
Hradecká, Tereza ; Vokřál, Ivan (advisor) ; Červený, Lukáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Student: Tereza Hradecká Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Supervisor: PharmDr. Vokřál Ivan, Ph.D. Oral administration of drugs is currently the most common and most convenient method of drug administration. Most drugs administered in this way are subsequently absorbed in the intestine and enter the systemic circulation. The absorption of drugs in the intestine can be influenced by a number of factors. Factors influencing drug absorption include, for example, efflux transporters or biotransformation enzymes. Currently, the most studied intestinal transporter is P-glycoprotein (P-gg), which is able to transport various substances back into the lumen of the intestine. Another factor affecting the absorption of drugs is intestinal metabolism, which in the first phase often takes place through enzymes from the cytochrome P450 family, while most drugs are metabolized through CYP3A4, which is also widely represented in the intestine. The activity of efflux transporters and biotransformation enzymes can be reduced (inhibition) or, conversely, increased (induction) by some drugs. This can subsequently lead to a whole range of drug interactions. The possible pharmacokinetic consequences of enzyme or transporter induction depend on the specific...
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