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Aspects of public procurement in context of Criminal Law
Svatoň, Michal ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the analysis of criminal activities related to public procurement, the analysis of individual crimes that affect public procurement, the analysis and analysis of individual means of evidence used by law enforcement agencies to detect and prove criminal activities. At the same time, the thesis deals with and analysis of selected criminal offences that are imposed in connection with criminal activities related to public procurement. The aim of the thesis is then to evaluate the possible shortcomings in the legal regulation and the proposal for modification of the legal regulation. To this end, the thesis also deals with a comparison with foreign legislation in order to possibly inspire de lege ferenda proposals. The thesis is divided into five thematic chapters. The first chapter analyses the existing regulation of public procurement with the definition of concepts crucial for the criminal law regulation of public procurement. The author also briefly makes a comparison with the previous legal regulation, taking into account the fact that the terms mentioned in the criminal regulation refer precisely to the previous legal regulation of the Public Procurement Act. For this reason, the author also compares the concepts of both the Public Procurement Act and the Public...
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Biological and social predictors and correlates of human morality
Kopecký, Robin
In this dissertation, we delve into the multifaceted domains of biological and social factors influencing human morality. The connecting element of this collection of four studies is both an interest in human morality as a traditional philosophical topic and the use of methods from empirical sciences, particularly biology, behavioural, and cognitive sciences. The first study focuses on the moral algorithms in autonomous vehicles. We examined moral preferences regarding the choice between software types that differ in their built-in algorithms for dealing with lethal collisions. These are categorized into three specific types: selfish, altruistic, and conservative. Respondents exhibited a preference for the altruistic strategy, which is reinforced when signalled to others. The altruistic preference is the most pronounced when it applies to everybody else, weaker when it reflects only a personal choice, and the weakest when choosing for one's own child. We conclude that making a choice public significantly sways individuals towards a more socially beneficial solution. The second study investigates the relationship between parasite Toxoplasma gondii infection and its subsequent impact on human political beliefs and values. Infected participants exhibited a tendency towards heightened tribalism and...
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Compensation of immaterial damage in criminal proceedings
Klatovský, Jakub ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
121 Compensation of immaterial damage in criminal proceedings - Abstract The topic of this rigorous thesis is compensation for immaterial damage in criminal proceedings. This topic is mainly related to the question of fulfilling the conditions for its compensation and determining its amount. This thesis deals with the victim's entitlement to claim compensation for immaterial damage and a series of related issues, especially in relation to the determination of the amount of the claim for compensation for immaterial damage. The application and quantification of the injured party's claim in monetary form is considerably more complicated than in the case of compensation for material damages, and therefore this issue requires increased attention. The purpose of this thesis is to point out the procedural procedure of making a claim by the injured party in adhesion proceedings, the decision-making practice of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, which often come into conflict with each other, and at the same time to put forward my own proposals for possible changes to the current wording of the Criminal Procedure Code. This rigorous thesis is divided into six chapters, each chapter dealing with a selected aspect of the issue of compensation for immaterial damage in criminal proceedings. The first...
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Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts
Gala, Viktor ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Viktor Gala Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) abacavir (ABC) is now the mainstay of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV in pregnant women. The introduction of cART, along with several other measures, has reduced mother-to-fetus transmission of HIV to less than 1% in recent years. The placenta is a key organ for the health of both the fetus and the mother. Imbalances in placental development can result in adaptive changes and fetal programming errors. cART recommended in pregnancy is known for its good safety profile, but some epidemiological studies suggest a higher risk of reduced fetal weight, preterm birth, etc. The placenta is a rapidly growing organ dependent on the supply of building materials that resembles tumor growth in certain aspects. Nucleosides are promoters of tumor proliferation and are involved in the development of immunotolerance. The placenta is complexly equipped for nucleoside synthesis, uptake,...
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Changes of internal organs after percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard
Šulová, Veronika ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Šulová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. External supervisor: pplk. doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pejchal, Ph.D. et Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Changes of internal organs after percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard is a chemical warfare agent belonging to the group of blistering agents. The theoretical section of the thesis is mainly focused on the description of acute toxic effects, the mechanism of action, and deals with the current possibilities of poisoning therapy. The experimental section is focused on monitoring the effect of sulfur mustard poisoning in the liver, lung, and kidney of female C57BL/6J mice after the percutaneous administration. This work aimed to evaluate markers of oxidative stress and histopathological changes of the selected organs at 3, 5, and 7 days after the poisoning. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) methods were used to determine markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological changes were evaluated microscopically using the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The airness of the lung parenchyma was also assessed by computer image analysis. First, the LD50 of sulfur mustard was...
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Liability of the state for damage caused in relation to the administration of taxes with focus on security orders
Bareš, Martin ; Vybíral, Roman (advisor) ; Kotáb, Petr (referee)
This rigorous thesis consists of three chapters, an introduction and a conclusion. In the introduction of this thesis, the author explains the reasons for the choice of the given topic, defines the objectives of the thesis and its systematics. The author also describes the methodology of the thesis and the sources. In the first chapter, the author defines the concept of tax administration. In the second chapter author focus on security orders, conditions for its issuance and consequences of their issuance, as well as termination of their effectiveness are discussed in detail. In the third chapter, the author introduces the reader to the legal regulation of the state liability for damage caused in the exercise of public authority, where attention is paid to individual issues of this institute. In particular, the prerequisites for state liability for damage, the issues of limitation, obliged and entitled persons and the specifics of the claim for compensation against the state. The focus of the thesis is in its fourth chapter, which deals with the liability of the state for damages caused by tax administration. In this chapter, the author applies the general conclusions adopted in the previous chapters to the issue of the tax administrator's misconduct in tax administration. In the first subchapter,...
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Recovery Plan for Europe in Response to the Covid Crisis
Mikulka, Martin ; Kotáb, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the Recovery Plan for Europe, which is also sometimes called NextGenerationEU. This is one of the measures which were taken at the European Union level in response to the coronavirus crisis and its consequences in order to support the economic recovery of the EU Member States. The main aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse the legal- economic aspects of the EU instrument adopted under the title Recovery Plan for Europe, or also NextGeneration EU, and its functioning. The diploma thesis is divided into two large sections. The first one consists of parts 1 to 3 and the second one of parts 4 and 5. The first descriptive-analytical section initially describes the macroeconomic principles of crises and possible response steps to them so that it could be explained how, especially in the fiscal area, it is possible to react to crises from which economies cyclically suffer, taking the specificities of the European Union into account. Afterwards, the traditional EU fiscal instruments, in particular the Multiannual Financial Framework and the EU budget, are described and the extent to which these instruments can be used to respond to crisis situations, such as the coronavirus crisis, is analysed. The impacts of the coronavirus crisis are also subject to a brief discussion....
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Study on the role of selected cytochrome P450 isoforms in cytostatic resistance at apoptosis level
Moriová, Magdalena ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Novotná, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Magdalena Moriová Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study on the role of selected cytochrome P450 isoforms in cytostatic resistance at apoptosis level Cytostatic resistance is one of the most problematic obstacles in oncological treatment. Beside pharmacodynamic mechanisms, pharmacokinetic factors play an important role in drug resistance as well. Enzymatic transformation of active substance to inactive metabolite in tumor cells probably belongs to these mechanisms, however, evidences concerning the relevance of this phenomenon are predominantly either indirect and/or affected by interference elements. Using comparative experiments with HepG2 cell lines with/without CYP3A4 overexpression, we focused on the evaluation of the role of this clinically important enzyme in the resistance against docetaxel. Methodologically, it was the assessment of apoptosis induction (activation of caspases 3/7, 8 and 9) using commercial luminescent kits. Our results suggest significant participation of CYP3A4 enzyme on the reduction of docetaxel anticancer efficacy after 48 h from treatment, whereas this effect was not recorded in earlier intervals. These findings perfectly correlate...
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Assessment of the intake of vitamins in lactating women
Burešová, Nicole ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Biological and Medical Sciences Tutor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Student: Nicole Burešová Title of thesis: Assessment of vitamin intake in lactating women Background: This theses focus to evaluate vitamins intake of lactating women. A sufficient vitamins intake is very important for both mothers and their infants. The aim of this theses was an assessment of lactating women vitamins intake without and including vitamins supplementation. It was determined whether the intake of individual vitamins changed with the duration of lactation, and then the average intake values were compared with the recommended daily allowances (RDA). Finally, the proportion of women who did not meet the RDA was evaluated. Methods: Data collection for this study took place in 2021-2022. There were eleven lactating women between years of age 29 and 40 involved. These women underwent medical examinations at laboratory four times after the delivery - during L1 lactation period (3-4 weeks after the delivery), L2 period (3 months after the delivery), L3 period (6 months after the delivery) and finally L4 period (9 months after the delivery). During the L1 and L2 periods the questionnaires were submitted by 9 women, during L3 period by 10 women and...
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The search for new spin-liquid materials - synthesis of kagome and pyrochlore fluoride magnets
Kancko, Andrej ; Colman, Ross Harvey (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a new AA′ B2F7-type pyrochlore fluoride family, NaCdB2F7 (B = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) predicted by a cal- culated pyrochlore structural tolerance factor, as well as the synthesis of new kagome flu- orides Na3CdCo3AlF14, Rb2SnCo3F12 and Cs2ZrCo3F12, aiming to expand the knowledge about the frustrated pyrochlore and kagome antiferromagnets. The synthesis techniques included solid-state reactions, laser floating zone melting and melt crystallization. All pyrochlore fluorides were successfully synthesized, although only B = Zn, Co, Mn and Ni as phase-pure single crystals. PXRD refinements confirmed the Fd̄3m structure in all synthesized pyrochlores, while SCXRD showed full Na/Cd disorder on the A-site and no A/B intersite mixing in the Co pyrochlore. Magnetization measurements revealed domi- nant antiferromagnetic interactions evidenced by large negative Curie-Weiss temperatures (from -38 K in Mn to -108 K in Co), with a spin-freezing transition below 4 K in B = Co, Mn and Ni, evidenced by further AC susceptibility and heat capacity measurements in Co and Mn. Cu showed no spin freezing down to the lowest-measured temperature, 1.8 K, implying a very large magnetic frustration. Fe has not been measured due to the large impurity content. The...
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