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Actin and the ARP 2/3 complex in the nucleus
Němcová, Barbora ; Bellinvia, Erica (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
The eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton is required for numerous cellular processes, including cell shape, development and movement, gene expression and signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stress. Actin constitutes a wide family of proteins that are major components of the cytoskeleton. Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in living organisms. Actin has essential functions both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it has been linked to key nuclear processes. Recent studies have shown that actin is actively transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it regulates transcriptional aktivity, regulates RNA polymerases, is involved in chromatin remodeling and repair damaged DNA. The presence of typical actin filaments in the nucleus has not been demonstrated directly.but nuclear actin occurs in many forms such as actin rods, short actin polymers, actin monomers, or actin complexes with profilin or cofilin. Most eukaryotic cells also contain at least eleven actin-related proteins (ARPs). Although many ARPs are cytoskeletal, recent biochemical and genetic work has demonstrated that some ARPs function largely or entirely in the nucleus. Nuclear ARPs are recognized as novel key regulators of genome function, and affect not only the remodeling of chromatin but also the...
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