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The Radiation protection of Patients and staff in Nuclear Medicine.
DAŇOVÁ, Kristína
Open radioactive sources are used at the department of nuclear medicine for diagnoses and therapy, as well as for research purposes. Ionizing radiation is applied in all cases. Since a negative impact of this radiation has been depicted, it is necessary to systematically reduce the radiation on people, and protect the environment. The title of this bachelor thesis is: "Radiation protection of staff and operatives at the Department of Nuclear Medicine". This thesis is devided into several parts. The beginning of the theoretical part focuses on history of origins of radiation protection and institutions which deal with it. Further, nuclear medicine as such, its equipment, and structure of the department in general is described. The conclusion then introduces the DNM in the town of České Budějovice. Ionizing radiation and its biological effects on organisms were defined, as well as quantities and units which characterize it. A considerable part of this work focuses on principles of radiation protection, monitoring of the staff, workplace and releases. This work also deals with dosimetry and lists types of used dosimeters. It assesses the risks of outer and inner radiation. The aim of this thesis was to analyse laws and regulations which are connected to radiation protection and identify its effective application for staff and patiens of the DNM in České Budějovice. Another aim was to examine the radiation protection of patients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, as well as the radiation protection of patients and staff at the inpatient ward. The research question was: "Is the radiation protection of patients and staff at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in hospital in the town of České Budějovice sufficiently optimized?" The method of research was assembling and recording materials of nuclear medicine in České Budějovice, compare doses of thermoluminescent dosimeters of the staff in outpatient and inpatient wards, and compare doses of finger and whole-body thermoluminescent dosimeters. The practical part provides detail information, charts and graphs of effective and equivalent doses of staff of outpatient and inpatient wards of the DNM in the town of České Budějovice between years 2009 and 2013. The outpatient ward comprises of fifteen employees. The inpatient ward of three nurses and one hospital attendant. These were observed in details for effective dose equivalents Hp(10) during each individual month for the period of five years. Results from the personal whole-body and finger dosimeters have been used for the analysis. The values of equivalent doses of HT from finger TLD are recorded for two of the employees. The data for the hospital in the town of České Budějovice was assessed by CSOD Ltd. In Prague, a company which has been providing dosimetric calculations in the Czech Republic for over tweny years. This data was compared with limits for radiation workers, which are regulated by State Office for Nuclear Safety no.389/2012 Sb., from November 16th, 2012, which changes the public notice of State Office for Nuclear Safety no.307/2002 Sb., about radiation protection as amended by public notice no.499/2005 Sb. The outcomes of the thesis have remitted a very high level of radiation protection and well-established measures in the protection of staff and patients against negative effects of ionizing radiation in the hospital of the town of České Budějovice. The thesis is then enhanced by a discussion, which reflects the outcomes compared with professional findings summarised in the theoretical part. The answer to the research quesion is: "Yes, radiation protection of the staff and patients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the hospital of the town of České Budějovice is sufficiently optimized." This bachelor thesis can be used as a study material for students of the field of study Radiology Assistant.
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