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Low level measurement
Roubal, Zdeněk ; Lazar, Josef (referee) ; Sládek, Petr (referee) ; Steinbauer, Miloslav (advisor)
The doctoral thesis presents methods for low-level measurements, which are exemplified by the general measurement of air ion concentration. Within the first section, the author progressively identifies certain critical effects influencing the concentration of air ions, and these effects are to be considered in evaluating the uncertainty of the measured concentrations. Thus, the thesis aims to provide a systematic description of the procedures and requirements related to low-level measurements; the proposed description then involves a discussion of the process reliability requirements, namely the factors of repeatability, elimination of errors, and definition and describability of measurement uncertainties. Such methodology facilitates, among other activities, the long-term monitoring of air ion concentration in extreme environments, including caves or spaces characterized by high temperatures and humidity. The use of common methods for determining the air ion mobility spectrum is accompanied by a number of disturbing effects, such as spurious fluctuation in the concentration of air ions in time. The experimental section of the thesis describes the testing of different configurations of the measuring device (a collecting electrode and a polarization capacitor); at this stage, we seek the most advantageous distribution of the electrostatic field in the sensor – a Gerdien tube. The systematic suppression of the influence of spurious fluctuations in air ion concentration during the measurement of saturation characteristics is carried out with the least-squares numerical method (as a supporting element), a hybrid technique to describe and evaluate the experimental model. In the second part of the thesis, the methodology of low-level measurement is complemented with procedures for the measurement of freezing potential. This latter domain, as an overall experimental approach applicable during phase changes of the sample, has hitherto not been sufficiently characterized from the metrological perspective, in an up-to-date manner; several subregions of the said domain remain somewhat obscured and deserve significantly more attention. In the given context, this thesis systematically considers a problem where comparable measurement results produced by multiple authors are not available. The measuring methodology proposed herein was utilized in applied research to facilitate the fabrication of an apparatus for the experimental measurement of freezing potential in pre-defined samples; the obtained results then lead us to conclusions with respect to the evaluation of effects that cause differences in the measured data, and the results can be further compared with those obtained by other researchers investigating the given segment of the problem.
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Design and optimization of special low-level amplifier for measurement of air ions
Zdražil, Lukáš ; Bartušek, Karel (referee) ; Roubal, Zdeněk (advisor)
This Master thesis deals with low-current measurement in order of picoamps up to a few tens of femtoamps. Such low currents measuring is necessary for determination of air ions concentration. Disturbances, which are otherwise negligible for ordinary measurements must be considered. For example, leakage currents and noise generated in measuring device circuit. The choice of a precise operation amplifier with low input bias current is as important as the selection of low noise passive components. The aim of the thesis is to design and implement a precise low-level amplifier for the purposes of air ions concentration measurements.
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Wireless transmission sensors non-electrical quantities to iontmeter
Kadlček, Václav ; Szabó, Zoltán (referee) ; Roubal, Zdeněk (advisor)
Theme of this bachelor thesis is construction a meteorological station with wireless data transfer to ionteter. At first, meteorological phenomenons which most influence the concentration of atmospherical ionts are described and than suitable sensors are picked. When selecting the sensors, the greatest demands are placed on high accuracy and low power consumption of weather station. After testing of these parts the final weather station is build.
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Meterology of air ions
Škvor, Martin ; Steinbauer, Miloslav (referee) ; Bartušek, Karel (advisor)
This thesis is focus on measuring of air ions concentration, which produce home ionizers. Aspiration condenser has been used for it, because it is able to measure small currents in the order to pA. Spectrum charakteristic has been employed for comparison of measurement results and has been obtained by grafic method from measured saturation charakteristic. Subjects, which the most affect accuracy of measurment air ions concentration and also having impact of air ions concentration at all, are the result of my thesis.
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Measurement of air ion concetration
Kudlička, Petr ; Čech, Petr (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
This work evaluates effect of air ions on the environment. There is a part about ions’ production. There are named some techniques of air ions measurement and their comparison. Apparatus of air ions concentration measurement is described in block diagram. There are electrical wiring diagram and list of used components.
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Design and optimization of special low-level amplifier for measurement of air ions
Zdražil, Lukáš ; Bartušek, Karel (referee) ; Roubal, Zdeněk (advisor)
This Master thesis deals with low-current measurement in order of picoamps up to a few tens of femtoamps. Such low currents measuring is necessary for determination of air ions concentration. Disturbances, which are otherwise negligible for ordinary measurements must be considered. For example, leakage currents and noise generated in measuring device circuit. The choice of a precise operation amplifier with low input bias current is as important as the selection of low noise passive components. The aim of the thesis is to design and implement a precise low-level amplifier for the purposes of air ions concentration measurements.
|
|
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Wireless transmission sensors non-electrical quantities to iontmeter
Kadlček, Václav ; Szabó, Zoltán (referee) ; Roubal, Zdeněk (advisor)
Theme of this bachelor thesis is construction a meteorological station with wireless data transfer to ionteter. At first, meteorological phenomenons which most influence the concentration of atmospherical ionts are described and than suitable sensors are picked. When selecting the sensors, the greatest demands are placed on high accuracy and low power consumption of weather station. After testing of these parts the final weather station is build.
|
|
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Measurement of air ion concetration
Kudlička, Petr ; Čech, Petr (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
This work evaluates effect of air ions on the environment. There is a part about ions’ production. There are named some techniques of air ions measurement and their comparison. Apparatus of air ions concentration measurement is described in block diagram. There are electrical wiring diagram and list of used components.
|
|
|
Low level measurement
Roubal, Zdeněk ; Lazar, Josef (referee) ; Sládek, Petr (referee) ; Steinbauer, Miloslav (advisor)
The doctoral thesis presents methods for low-level measurements, which are exemplified by the general measurement of air ion concentration. Within the first section, the author progressively identifies certain critical effects influencing the concentration of air ions, and these effects are to be considered in evaluating the uncertainty of the measured concentrations. Thus, the thesis aims to provide a systematic description of the procedures and requirements related to low-level measurements; the proposed description then involves a discussion of the process reliability requirements, namely the factors of repeatability, elimination of errors, and definition and describability of measurement uncertainties. Such methodology facilitates, among other activities, the long-term monitoring of air ion concentration in extreme environments, including caves or spaces characterized by high temperatures and humidity. The use of common methods for determining the air ion mobility spectrum is accompanied by a number of disturbing effects, such as spurious fluctuation in the concentration of air ions in time. The experimental section of the thesis describes the testing of different configurations of the measuring device (a collecting electrode and a polarization capacitor); at this stage, we seek the most advantageous distribution of the electrostatic field in the sensor – a Gerdien tube. The systematic suppression of the influence of spurious fluctuations in air ion concentration during the measurement of saturation characteristics is carried out with the least-squares numerical method (as a supporting element), a hybrid technique to describe and evaluate the experimental model. In the second part of the thesis, the methodology of low-level measurement is complemented with procedures for the measurement of freezing potential. This latter domain, as an overall experimental approach applicable during phase changes of the sample, has hitherto not been sufficiently characterized from the metrological perspective, in an up-to-date manner; several subregions of the said domain remain somewhat obscured and deserve significantly more attention. In the given context, this thesis systematically considers a problem where comparable measurement results produced by multiple authors are not available. The measuring methodology proposed herein was utilized in applied research to facilitate the fabrication of an apparatus for the experimental measurement of freezing potential in pre-defined samples; the obtained results then lead us to conclusions with respect to the evaluation of effects that cause differences in the measured data, and the results can be further compared with those obtained by other researchers investigating the given segment of the problem.
|
|
|
Meterology of air ions
Škvor, Martin ; Steinbauer, Miloslav (referee) ; Bartušek, Karel (advisor)
This thesis is focus on measuring of air ions concentration, which produce home ionizers. Aspiration condenser has been used for it, because it is able to measure small currents in the order to pA. Spectrum charakteristic has been employed for comparison of measurement results and has been obtained by grafic method from measured saturation charakteristic. Subjects, which the most affect accuracy of measurment air ions concentration and also having impact of air ions concentration at all, are the result of my thesis.
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