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Evaluation of the clover growing system on farms and suggestions for improvement
WEINER, Vlastimil
The bachelor thesis is aimed at describing the system of clover cultivation, which is important for agriculture in the form of improving soil fertility and as a low-cost source of feed. The thesis mainly describes the meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). In the first part, the importance of clover cultivation, its characteristics, morphological description and the method of forage conservation are described. Furthermore, the sowing machines suitable for sowing clover and the soil preparation before planting are presented. In the second part, the work focuses on the meadow clover stands (Bonus and Garant varieties) managed by MIRABO a.s. in the Pilsen region. During the year, both the method and date of establishment of the stands and the agrotechnique chosen for the overgrowing stands were monitored. The density of plants per 1 m2, health and yield of individual stands were monitored. All stands were destined for forage harvesting and were subsequently ensiled in silage troughs and silage bags. Subsequently, measures to improve the meadow clover cropping system on this farm were suggested from the data.
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The analysis of growing of legumes in selected farm and recommendations for it´s improvement
KASÍK, Jakub
The bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of the main clover crops in the Czech Republic, which are alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.). In the first part of the thesis, the importance, characteristics, environmental requirements, agrotechnical measures and forage quality of these clovers are presented. The advantage of alfalfa is its hardiness and drought tolerance; it is still more damaged by waterlogging than by drought. In contrast, meadow clover has lower heat requirements and is better able to tolerate temporary waterlogging than a lack of moisture. Because of its slow initial growth, clover is often established in cover crops to compensate for forage yield in the year of establishment while suppressing weeds. The most suitable cover crop appears to be pea tendrils or a mixture with other crops, but in practice cereals are most commonly used. The second part focuses on the actual monitoring and evaluation of forage stands of meadow clover and alfalfa sown within the Zemědělské družstvo Čížová farming in the South Bohemian Region (potato-growing area). The method of establishment, number of plants per 1 m2 and yield of newly established stands of meadow clover were monitored in the operational plots. Meadow clover and alfalfa stands sown in the first crop year were also evaluated. Alfalfa had the highest dry matter yield (8.8 t ha-1), while clover had a slightly lower yield (8.2 t ha-1). The cover crop accounted for 60 % of the total dry matter yield of the established clover stands. It was found that at a stand density of 170 plants for alfalfa and 160 plants for clover, there should be no weeds in the stand.
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Vliv zavadání, kontaminace píce zeminou a použitých konzervantů na kvalitu a zdravotní bezpečnost siláží vojtěšky seté
Spáčilová, Kristýna
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the effects of wilting, soil contamination and use of silage additive on selected characteristics of green fodder and lucerne (Medicago sativa) silage. The plan material was obtained from the Research institute for Fodder Crops in Vatín. Unwilted fodder consisted in 24 % of dry matter content; wilted fodder consisted in 33 % of dry matter content. Selected samples were contaminated with soil at 30 g/kg of mass. Silage was in untreated variant (control) and two treated variants (either with biological additive or with chemical additive). Unwilted fodder had significantly (p<0,05) higher content of histamine and spermidine. Wilted fodder had a significantly (p<0,01) higher content of putrescine. In lucerne silage, factor of contamination had more significant (p<0,01) effect on ash content, and used silage additive had a statistically significant effect (p<0,05) on NDF content in silage. Significantly higher (p<0,01) content of clostridia was observed in silage from wilted fodder. The wilting factor had significantly higher effect (p<0,01) on content of ammonia, organic acids (LA, AA, PA, BA) and significant effect (p<0,05) on pH. Silage from wilted fodder was characterized by a higher pH, higher content of LA and lower content ammonia, AA, PA, BA. Contamination had significant effect (p<0,05) on increasing pH, reduction of LA and significant effect (p<0,01) on increased content of ammonia, AA, PA, BA. The silage additives significantly (p<0,05) decreased pH and significantly (p<0,01) decreased ammonia, PA, BA levels and increased LA, AA levels. The most abundant biogenic amines in silage were histamine (969 mg / kg), tyramine (800 mg / kg), putrescin (1754 mg / kg) and cadaverine (501 mg / kg). The biological additive used in the sufficiently wilted fodder works better to prevent the formation of biogenic amines and result in a more suitable fermentation profile.
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Vyhodnocení aktuálního zaplevelení vybraných polních plodin pěstovaných v řepařské výrobní oblasti
Viktorová, Libuše
This bachelor thesis deals with actual weeding of selected field crops in the beet pro-duction area. Weed measurements were carried out at Agra Velký Týnec farm. Weed infestation was assessed by the numerical method - the number of individuals per 1 m2. Monitoring was carried out in winter wheat, oilseed rape, spring barley, poppy seed, alfalfa and maize. The most common weed species were Tripleurospermum ino-dorum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Papaver rhoeas, Chenopodium album, Avena fatua, Cirsium arvense, Euphorbia helioscopia, Veronica persica.
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Analýza druhového spektra plevelů ve vybraných plodinách v podmínkách ekologického zemědělství
Zatloukalová, Zuzana
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the species spectrum of weeds in organic farming. The literary part focuses on harmfulness, utility, regulation and classification of weeds. The second part deals with the field trial of hokaido and alfalfa shoots. The analysis was carried out on the land of Agrospol Hrádek Plus, the cooperative. The counting method was used for the assessment. On the basis of the evaluation, the influence of the previous crop was determined, the most common weeds in the crops were defined. We assessed the mechanical intervention when using the weft. In the alfalfa the most frequent occurrence of the bark beetle, the white eagle, the creeping beak. In the hokaido squirrel, the most frequent weeds were: Echinochloa cruss-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Cirsium arvense.
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Vliv aditiv na kvalitu siláží vyrobených z biomasy leguminóz
Peichl, Josef
The aim of this work was the evaluation of experimental silages of alfalfa cress and samples of red clover silages. The first mowings were evaluated, which took place at the turn of May and June. Experimental silages and samples were analysed for infusion and nutrient indicators. The nutrient content in experimental silages of alfalfa cress ranged: 300 – 319 g/kg, crude protein 304 – 319 g/kg of dry weight, fibre 308 – 329 g/kg of dry weight, and the values for infusions were: lactic acid 1,88 – 2,61 %, acetic acid 0,68 – 1,40 % and pH 4,48 – 5,04. Experimental silages of alfalfa cress were evaluated as very high quality. For samples taken from silages of red clover, the nutrient content was: dry weight 229 – 388 g/kg, crude protein 139 – 225 g/kg of dry weight, fibre 195 – 278 g/kg and the values for infusions were: lactic acid 1,87 – 3,45 %, acetic acid 0,57 – 1,30 % and pH 4,21 – 4,71. Red clover silages taken from two farms were rated as very high quality, except the sample in which the content contained low dry weight. Silages with low dry weight represent a risk factor during silaging.
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Porovnání procesů výroby kukuřičné siláže a siláže ze zavadlé píce
Látal, Vojtěch
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to characterize the biochemical processes and to evaluate the quality in the production of maize silages and silages from wilted fodder. In the literature review, we analyze the factors influencing the quality and health safety of maize silages and silages from wilted fodder. The work refers to the need to keep the correct technological operations to obtain the silage with a high nutrient content and no natural injurants. We evaluated the costs of production of maize silages, lucerne silages and permanent grassland silages. The assessment shows that the production of maize silage is cheaper than the production of grassland silage. High production of the fodder, quality and health safety of fodder is determinated by the right choice of the maize hybrid or lucerne varieties in accordance with given soil and climatic conditions.
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Vliv aditiv na kvalitu a zdravotní bezpečnost siláží jetelovin
Florianová, Viola
The aim of this diploma thesis was to compare quality of protein silages made of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) (there were used two varieties Holyna and Tereza) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (tetraploid variety Amos and diploid variety Spurt) ensiled with low dry matter content 16–20 %. Experimental parcels were founded in 2013. Plots of lucerne were harvested for three following years, plots of red clover were harvested for two following years. Green feed was ensiled into laboratory microsilos directly after harvesting. The silage quality was compared within species and variety and within different silage additives. There were analyzed contents of organic nutrients, digestibility in green material and organic nutrients, digestibility, quality of silage extracts, losses and amount of silage effluents in silages. Silages made of red clover had significantly (p <0,05) lower pH, ammonia content, content of butyric acid and proteolysis level compared to lucerne silages. Amos variety had also significantly higher content of lactic acid compared to both lucerne silages. The effect of chemical silage additive on silage quality was significant. Silages treated with chemical additive had significantly lower (p <0,05) pH, ammonia content, content of acetic acid, ethanol and level of proteolysis compared to untreated variant and variant treated with biological additive.
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Germination of long-term storaged seeds of selected grass and legumes
VONDRÁŠEK, Vít
Quality reproductive material is created in the fields but its subsequent quality and the general ability to germinate may be affected by many other factors. The fundamental and necessary capability of the seeds is their germinability. In my thesis I selected seeds approximately 6 - 8 years old of certain types of grass or clover plants (Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa - Zuzana, Medicago sativa - Pálava, Medicago lupulina, Trifolium hybridum - Oderský, Anthyllis vulneraria and Onobrychis viciifolia) and I monitored their germinability, its dynamics and capacity. Subsequently, I also used fresh seeds to compare the results and to demonstrate how seeds of different ages may differ. The experiment was performed under home conditions. All seeds to be germinated were placed on Petri dishes on which I maintained stable humidity. I monitored germinability of the seeds in previously set intervals after 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days. Originally, the plan was to measure germinability also after 21 days but the germinating material did not last that long and losses were detected as early as after 15 days. I saw big differences between the individual species. Some of them germinated very well and their dynamics was high (Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa - Zuzana, Medicago sativa - Pálava), while others did not germinate at all or very little (Onobrychis viciifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria). In some species I even observed differences in germination dynamics.
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Vyhodnocení aktuálního zaplevelení víceletých pícnin
Kadlček, Leoš
The aim of this bachelor thesis is determination of actual weed infestation in multiannual fodder plants in Agricaltural company Kvasnicko, a.s. The growths of annual, two-year and three-year alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were observing in the year 2014. The method of evaluation is counting method. The results of weed infestation were processed with DCA analysis. The canonical corespondence analysis (CCA) showed that these weeds were in the annual growth: Brassica napus subsp. napus, Viola arvensis, Fumaria officinalis, Thlaspi arvense, Atriplex sagittata. Rumex acetosa, Stellaria media, Arctium tomentosum, Capsella bursa-pastoris were in two-year growth and Lamium purpureum, Taraxacum sec. Ruderalia, Arabidopsis thaliana.were in three-year growth. Veronica persica was in every growth regardless of the age of growth.
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