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Význam vitaminu D a jeho metabolitů v reprodukci živočišných organismů
Červenka, Jiří
Vitamin D is considered to be a group of molecules that have many functions in animal organisms. The best known of these is the key role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and regulation of bone mineralization. In recent years, however, many new functions of this vitamin have been discovered, such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, its influence on the immune system or its function in animal reproduction. This thesis deals with the importance of vitamin D in animal reproduction with an emphasis on livestock. In the literature review, the occurrence of receptors for vitamin D in cells of various types of different tissues of reproductive system, particularly in mammals and birds, and the function of various metabolites mediated by these receptors are discussed in the individual chapters. The thesis includes the design of methodology, which would test the effect of vitamin D on reproduction of the male and female domestic chickens. The hypothesis could verify, whether or not, Rhode Island Red cockerels, that would be fed a diet with a higher vitamin D content would demonstrate better ejaculate parameters and higher fertilization of eggs laid by Rhoade Island White hens inseminated with this semen. Furthemore, a solution is proposed to verify the hypothesis, assuming higher hatchability and lower embryonic mortality in hens fed higher vitamin D feed mixture. The result would be compared with hens and roosters of the same breeds, reared in an environment with the same conditions, fed a vitamin D deficient feed mixture.
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Tests for preparing 5th grade elementary school children to pass grammar school entrance exams
CIESLAROVÁ, Lucie
The main aim of diploma thesis is to create a collection of tests which helps the students to prepare for the admission exam to eight - year grammar school. The theoretical part of diploma thesis focuses on the admission exam in school year 2016/2017 and the analysis of mathematical didactic test. The practical part contains a processing of seven tests. Each test includes a task, a solution and an answer key. Furthermore, the research is processed here for which the second test from diploma thesis has been used. Even children participating in mathematical Olympiad can use the tests from diploma thesis for practising. The teachers can also make mathematics lesson more varied by the right choice of exercises.
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Gene mutations affecting the development of human testes
Macháčová, Simona ; Šebková, Nataša (advisor) ; Ševčíková Jonáková, Jana (referee)
Development of mammalian sex organs is remarkable process. Both ovaries and testes rise from the same precursor but then differentiate into morphologically and functionally different structure. The determining factors that decide the fate of undifferentiated structures are not just the genes themselves but also the timing of transcription regulatory genes and specific amount of their products. Development of male and female gonads manages a large set of regulatory genes that interact with each other. Together it forms the gene regulatory network. Crucial role in male sex differentiation plays an SRY gene which regulates the time and quantity of the other factors expression. Even slight errors (mutations) in genes sequences of regulatory genes could change their expression. This leads to disruption of the development of sex organs or even death of the whole organism. Naturally occurring mutations and their phenotype in humans are suitable for studies of gene sex regulatory factors. Thanks to these studies we are able to detect the cause of many birth defects what is a first step toward their eventual treatment.
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The role of a nurse at general practitioner's office for children and adolescents in connection to prevention of testicular cancer
NESPALOVÁ, Jana
Theory background Testes are two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum and separated protective sheath of dense connective tissue. They play major role in spermatogenesis and hormone production. They also represent secondary gender symbols and therefore are important for the personality forming of young individuals. Testicular cancer stand for about 1- 1.8% of all malignant tumour diseases in males and occur most often between 15- 35 years of age. This bachelor's work gives information on the anatomy and physiology of testes, the risk factors and causes for the occurrence of testicular cancer, and also about the symptoms and diagnostics. This thesis also deals with the role the nurse has in general practitioner's office for children and adolescents regarding the prevention of testicular cancer, preventive check-ups and self-examination. Work aim First aim of this work is to map the role of the nurse in general practitioner's office for children and adolescents regarding the prevention of testicular cancer. The research question posed was: What is the role of the nurse in general practitioner's office for children and adolescents regarding the prevention of testicular cancer? Second aim was to find out about the awareness on testicular cancer in boys 15-19. First hypothesis says: Awareness about the prevention of testicular cancer varies with age. Second hypothesis: Self-examination of testes changes with age. Used methods Qualitative research was used for the first part of the assignment, while a questionnaire and method of deep dialogues with the nurses working at general practitioner office for children and adolescents in South Bohemia was conducted for the second part. The dialogs were recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed word for word. In the second part quantitative research was used through a method of questioning and technique of non-standardised questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled in by boys aged 15-19 living in South Bohemia. The parameter test Anova, a type of scattering analysis, was used on the data. "Its basis lies in the total scattering of the followed variable being divided into scattering within individual selections and scattering between them. If the scattering between the selections is improbably large it points towards significant influence of factor a (Budíková, 2010, s. 181)." Results The transcribed dialogs were analysed by open coding, by the pen and paper method. Five categories were defined: Education, testicular cancer, testes examination, patient dispensary. Subcategories with major data encoded, were assigned to each category. Analysis of the non-standardised questionnaire gave rise to ten resulting graphs with respondent answers. The graphs were consequently described. First hypothesis saying that the knowledge about the prevention of testicular cancer changes with age was not proven. The second hypothesis saying that the process of self-examination changes with age was not proven either. Conclusions The first research part proves that nurses working in general practitioner office for children and adolescents do educate the patient on this subject. The respondent possessed basic information on the subject of prostatic cancer and stated that testes examination is conducted in the surgeries. Scientific literature for this subject was recommended by only two of nine respondents. The respondents stated that testes examination and education about the subject of testicular cancer is conducted, although the second part of the research showed that the boys are almost not at all familiar with the subject. Furthermore, testicular examination was not conducted for most of them at the practitioner's office. The second part of research showed that the boys aged 15-19 let possess insufficient information on the prevention of testicular cancer. Most had almost no knowledge on what is involved in such prevention.
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Spermatogenesis in long lived species of water bugs ? water cricket (Velia caprai) (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae)
BĚLINOVÁ, Lucie
This diploma thesis is devoted to the spermatogenesis of long living water bug species ?water cricket (Velia caprai). Spermatogenesis of nymphs of the fifth instaru, adults of defined age (from 1 up to 60 days after the ecdysis) and also the adults caught in the field of unknown age before - and after the hibernation were studied by histological methods. It was discovered that spermatogenesis of this species is in progress continuously. Even the nymphs of the 5th instar already had spermatids presented and the adult males disposed of spermatozoans just one day after the ecdysis. The presence of all the spermatogenesis cell types (spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms) was confirmed in the case of male adults of various age ? younger after ecdysis as well as older including males after hibernation. Semiaquatic bug Velia caprai has not typical testes in comparison with most of Insects. They are formed by just one testicular follicle which is wider than longer. The follicle´s top is not distinctly formed; the germanium is located in the middle of the follicle´s wider part which is across from the testicle´s orifice to vas deferens. This anomalous position of germarium represents the original apex of testicular follicle in this species.
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