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Structure and development of criminality in the Czech Republic
Gargoš, Aleš ; Marešová, Alena (advisor) ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee)
Structure and development of criminality in the Czech Republic The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the structure and development of crime in the Czech Republic between years 2011 and 2023, with an emphasis on the external factors influencing crime in these years. It focuses on the development of registered crime as a whole and its individual types, the development of the structure of offenders, the territorial distribution of crime and the development of the most frequently committed crimes. The primary sources of information used in this work are the statistics of the Police of the Czech Republic, Reports on the situation in the field of internal security and public order in the territory of the Czech Republic for the monitored years, as well as other available statistical data. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical introduction to the issue of crime. Based on the existing criminological knowledge, it defines the concept of crime and other related terms that permeate the whole work. At the same time, it describes the basic sources of information on crime and presents in more detail the structure and breakdown of crime according to police statistics, which are the primary basis for the thesis. The second part of the thesis...
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Role of the 14-3-3 protein in the regulation of G-protein signaling
Řežábková, Lenka ; Obšil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Konvalinka, Jan (referee) ; Bařinka, Cyril (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Fyzikální chemie Mgr. Lenka Řežábková Studium úlohy proteinů 14-3-3 v regulaci G-proteinové signalizace Role of the 14-3-3 proteins in the regulation of G-protein signaling Disertační práce Školitel: doc. RNDr. Tomáš Obšil, Ph.D. Konzultanti: doc. RNDr. Petr Heřman, CSc. doc. RNDr. Jaroslav Večeř, CSc. Praha, 2012 Abstract The 14-3-3 family of phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-binding proteins dynamically regulates the activity of their binding partners in various signaling pathways that control diverse physiological and pathological processes such as signal transduction, metabolic pathways, cell cycle and apoptosis. More than 300 different cellular proteins from diverse eukaryotic organisms have been described as binding partners for the 14-3-3 proteins. During my Ph.D., I was particularly interested in the role of 14-3-3 proteins in the regulation of G protein signaling pathway. The 14-3-3 proteins affect the G protein signaling via the interaction with negative regulators of G protein cascade - the RGS proteins and phosducin. I employed both biochemical and biophysical approaches to understand how the activity and function of RGS3/14-3-3 and phosducin/14-3-3 complexes are regulated. I solved the low-resolution solution structure of...
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The mechanism of the regulation of phosducin function
Kacířová, Miroslava ; Obšil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee) ; Pavlíček, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation is focused on 30 kDa protein phosducin (Pdc) and on the regulation of its function through the interaction with 28 kDa adaptor protein 14-3-3. These two proteins participate in G-protein signal transduction pathways, especially in the process of light signal transduction. It is assumed that Pdc binds to the Gtβγ complex of G-protein called transducin and through this interaction it inhibits the reassociation of Gtβγ with Gtα thus reducing the visual signal transfer. This process is thought to participate in a long- term light adaptation. The regulation of Pdc function is further regulated by its phosphorylation and subsequent binding to the 14-3-3 protein. It has been speculated that the 14-3-3 binding plays a key role in the inhibition of the interaction between phosphorylated Pdc (Pdc-PP) and Gtβγ. The formation of the 14-3-3/Pdc-PP complex leads to the reassociation of Gtβγ with Gtα and consequently to the amplification of visual signal transfer. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the 14-3-3 protein binding inhibits the interaction between Pdc and Gtβγ remains elusive. The main aims of this dissertation were: (i) to investigate the structure of Pdc in its apo-state (in the absence of the binding partner) and in the complex with 14-3-3, and (ii) to suggest the mechanism of the...
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Benchmark of the Computational Tools for the Prediction of the Effect of Mutations on Protein Stability
Berezný, Matej ; Martínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Musil, Miloš (advisor)
Návrh proteínov vyžaduje informáciu o tom ako mutácie ovplyvňujú celkovú stabilitu proteinu. Pre tento prípad existuje mnoho verejne dostupných nástrojov avšak ich kolektívne používanie či porovnávanie je veľmi pracné. Presne pre tento prípad som vyvinul BenchStab; konzolovú aplikáciu/Python knižnicu navrhnutú pre rýchlu a priamočiaru manipuláciu s 18 prediktormi, umožňujúc hromadné získavanie mutačných výsledkov. Zároveň som vytvoril novú unikátnu dátovú sadu, získanú z FireProtDB. Tento dataset som použil na porovnanie 24 rôznych predikčných metód pomocou rôznych metrík.
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Design of 3D printed CubeSat structure for mission KOSTKA
Picka, Marek ; Götthans, Jakub (referee) ; Götthans, Tomáš (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce zkoumá inovativní návrh a implementaci 3D struktury pro CubeSat misi KOSTKA, kterou aktuálně vyvíjí univerzitní tým YSpace. S využitím pokročilých technologií aditivní výroby - selektivního laserového tavení (SLM) a přímého laserového spékání kovů (DMLS) - si tato práce klade za cíl optimalizovat strukturu CubeSatu zvý- šením strukturální integrity, snížení hmotnosti a vyhovění standardům a požadavkům. Proces návrhu zahrnoval iterativní vylepšení na základě analýz, které identifikovaly kritické body napětí a vedly k úpravám pro zlepšení rozložení zatížení a minimálního využití materiálu. Výsledné simulace potvrdily strukturální integritu rámu v simulovaných podmínkách startu, což dokazuje, že rám splňuje požadavky poskytovatele startu a cíle mise. Tato práce nejen dokazuje proveditelnost 3D tisku pro výrobu struktur cubesatů, ale také bude složit jako inspirace pro budoucí designy.
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Zlín FCK Technology
Kučera, Petr ; Pecka, Lukáš (referee) ; Štěpán, Marek (advisor)
The diploma work deals with the design of a residential building in the town of Malenovice u Zlína, where a new residential complex is to be built on the site of the former Malenovice sawmill. The land is located in close proximity to the main road to Zlín. The work proposes a modular house system made of prefabricated CLT elements with social and community overlap. A system that allows rapid construction and creation of buildings with different configurations according to the given requirements not only in the territory of Malenovice. The design system includes small-scale flats with elements of variable furniture, which allows to reduce the cost of housing, which is responding to the current unaffordable housing, but maintaining human comfort. The design also addresses the efficient use of technology on site and its sometimes excessive use.
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Structural studies of an abasic site DNA damage repair and DNA interstrand cross-link formation
Landová, Barbora
DNA damage refers to any alteration or modification in the DNA structure that deviates from its natural state. Abasic site (Ap site) is one of the most common DNA lesions resulting from spontaneous depurination/depyrimidination or enzymatic base excision. When left unrepaired it can lead to a cascade of genetic mutations, potentially causing diseases like cancer. Understanding DNA repair mechanisms is vital for medical research and applications. Bacterial MutM is a DNA repair glycosylase, removing DNA damage generated by oxidative stress and preventing mutations and genomic instability. MutM belongs to the Fpg/Nei family of procaryotic enzymes, sharing structural and functional similarities with their eukaryotic counterparts, such as NEIL1-NEIL3. Here, I present two crystal structures of MutM from pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis: MutM holoenzyme and MutM bound to DNA. The free enzyme exists in an open conformation, while upon binding to DNA, both the enzyme and DNA undergo substantial structural changes and domain rearrangement. One of the DNA lesion repaired by MutM is the Ap site, which, if not repaired, may spontaneously lead to the formation of an abasic site interstrand crosslink (Ap-ICL) with an adjacent adenine in the opposite strand. NEIL3 glycosylase is known to remove Ap-ICL. With a...
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In an Apartment in a small town, Mikulov
Solár, Michal ; Kozelský, Tomáš (referee) ; Hora, Jan (advisor)
The concept is based on the historical development of the plot and the city as such. Historically, the area has been defined by self-help and without clearly specified dogmatic guidelines. It is thanks to this that the city is enriched with moments that do not fulfill only the aesthetic or spiritual, but also the functional nature of the city. The moment of surprise and certain visas enriches the interior of the yard as well as the city. At first glance, such annoying spaces have a certain quality, caused by the play of light or the overall concept of space. An important feature of the object is the moment of surprise from the perceived space. The transition from a clearly defined ground floor to the rear, at first glance, irrational courtyard is enhanced by a passage, which also refers to the typical division of the small town house. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION The principle of layering of individual spaces clearly reflects the moments of surprise. By specific fragmentation of the building, a character that resembles rather a family house as a residential object, spaces of different quality and utilization are created. The lower dwellings have a spatially and optically separated garden from the total mass, with the top terrace being terraces which are optically linked to the courtyard, but are not accessible to the public. The apartments in the attic have mostly urban character. This creates the principle of co-existence, which is typical of the whole area of the city. The layering is evident in the distribution of flats with different connections to gardens and terraces as well as the variety of housing units. The spirit of the place is a standing cellar that reflects the historical transformation of the parcel and is a symbol of the locality.
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Residential Complex in Brno - Komín
Selnarová, Elisabeth ; Pospíšil, Zdeněk (referee) ; Boháč, Ivo (advisor)
Taking into consideration the slope of the terrain as well as the surrounding development, two types of residential buildings have been proposed: Komín a Komínek.They are placed in a regular structure into a given land. Sustainable development is at the core of the proposal. The residential buildings are proposed as sturctures created from multiple components. The framework is comprised of a reinforced concrete and the peripheral walls are stuffed with thermal insulating wooden panels. Air conditioned heating will be used (the air will be heated by a gas boiler). Due to the quality of the insolation, the houses are considered as low energy structures. As individual structures, each apartment has three sided orientation to cardinal direction. Some of the rooms have two sided lighting, which further increases their attractivness. The residential bulding is composed of Maisonette appartments, which together create asimilar structure. The fundamental space is intertwined with a ribbon that carries on its edges balconies, terraces or parking spaces. Each unit has a balcony, which allows the residence to relax and enjoy the surrounding landscape. The housing is proposed for a general audience (wider population). There are several types of appartments including no barrier appartments situated in the first floor as well as Maisonette appartments in the last floor.
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