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Mapping of the trial and error method in solving problems in structural environments Spider web and Exhibition grounds
Kučerová, Lucie ; Havlíčková, Radka (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to observe and describe the use of the trial-and-error strategy in two didactic environments from the Hejné method among pupils in the second and third year of primary school, who are educated using the usual method of teaching mathematics. The theoretical part deals with the definition of heuristic strategies, their classification and a closer description of some selected heuristic strategies. The key chapter is devoted to the description of the trial-and-error strategy and its inclusion among the solving strategies. It also deals with the problematic attitude of teachers and the wider public towards this strategy. At the end of the chapter, the advantages of its use in solving mathematical problems are included. The next chapters deal with work with mistakes, the child's experiment not only in teaching, and thus follow on from chapter 1.3. Chapter 1.7 describes Hejné's method of teaching mathematics and the didactic environments with which this method works and which are important for the practical part. At the end of the theoretical part, I define the distribution of the curriculum in the second and third years, which influence the students' approaches to solving. In the practical part, the research methods of unstructured observation and the method of verbal...
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Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems
Strnádková, Ivana ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
Title: Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems Abstract This Diploma thesis is focused on word problems that, to some extent, make pupils troubles with their solution. In the first theoretical part there are word problems that the work deals with. These are word problems with ant signal, dynamic, complementary, graphic and their characteristics. The next section is about the strategy of solving word problems and work with mistakes. The second part is focused on experiment of all types of word problems that are described in the theoretical part. This experiment is analysed according to strategies of pupils' and teachers' solutions. Those strategies are later described and commented in detail. Key words word problem, solving strategy, mistake, source of mistake, grasping of word problem
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Comparing strategies when solving some types of word problems
Kohout, Ondřej ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of comparing strategies when solving selected types of word problems. The theoretical part deals with the notion of concept cartoons, selected types of word problems, the process and strategies for solving word problems and the results of foreign studies that focus on the influence of the comparison of solving strategies in teaching mathematics. The practical part of the work includes an analysis of selected Czech textbooks of mathematics for the lower secondary school, including teacher books, focusing both on the occurrence of multiple solving strategies for the same word problem and on didactic approach to the selected types of word problems. The core of the work is 15 original worksheets, consisting of concept cartoons, in which two hypothetical students present their solutions to the same type of a word problem. This work also includes a proposal on how to implement such a worksheet in class, along with a proposal for a possible continuation of the use of comparing strategies in mathematics teaching.
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Word problems about money in the 2nd year of primary school
Vodrážková, Lucie ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kaslová, Michaela (referee)
The principal objective of this thesis is the comprehension of students' mental processes while solving verbal math problems about money. There searchis focused on pupils in the first stage of primary school and in particular verbal math problems, in which nominal value of coins, quantity of coins and their total particular verbal math problems, in which nominal value of coins, quantity of coins and their total sum play a key role. There fore, the objective of this diploma thesis is to lay out classify mony-related exprecises in thee currently used lies of elementary school mathematics text books for grade. The theoretical part consist of demarcation of early school age, a certain number of fanticipate dacts by RVP ZV for the first and second educational period, numeracy, literacy, verbal math problems, various strategies on how to solve such problems, basic is sues pipils encounter whilw solving those problems, coments on the topic of verbal math problems which appear in theree volume soft text books in tended for primary schools (Prodos, Taktic, H-mat). Their division into three types (a total sum of coins, nominal value of coins and number of coins) and their mutual comparision. The goal of the practial part is to analyse thought processes of and grade pupils when solving word problems about...
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Word problems about money in the 2nd year of primary school
Vodrážková, Lucie ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kaslová, Michaela (referee)
The principal objective of this thesis is the comprehension of students' mental processes while solving verbal math problems about money. The research is focused on pupils in the first stage of primary school and in particular verbal math problems, in which nominal value of coins, quantity of coins and their total sum play a key role. The theoretical part consists of demarcation of early school age, a certain number of anticipated acts by RVP ZV for the first and second educational period, numeracy, literacy, verbal math problems, various strategies on how to solve such problems, basic issues pupils encounter while solving those problems, teaching aids used in dealing with verbal math problems about money, comments on the topic of verbal math problems which appear in three volumes of textbooks intended for primary schools (Prodos, Tak-tic, H-mat), and their mutual comparison. The practical part is launched by methodology of a quantitative research (in the form of three experiments). The first pre-experiment is carried out by seven pupils, the first and second by ten pupils. This part thoroughly describes the preparation of each experiment, along with their subsequent realisation, as well as analysed verbal math problems for individual experiments, expectations, example of one of the interview...
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Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems
Strnádková, Ivana ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee)
Title: Ways and strategies of 10-12 years old pupils when solving selected type of word problems Abstract This Diploma thesis is focused on word problems that, to some extent, make pupils troubles with their solution. In the first theoretical part there are word problems that the work deals with. These are word problems with ant signal, dynamic, complementary, graphic and their characteristics. The next section is about the strategy of solving word problems and work with mistakes. The second part is focused on experiment of all types of word problems that are described in the theoretical part. This experiment is analysed according to strategies of pupils' and teachers' solutions. Those strategies are later described and commented in detail. Key words word problem, solving strategy, mistake, source of mistake, grasping of word problem
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