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Dynamika růstu buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) ve smíšeném lese a monokultuře ve Východních Karpatech
Vyčítalová, Hana
The study observes the difference in the growth dynamics of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in monocultures and in stands with admixture of conifers like Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and/or Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Eastern Carpathians. Point dendrometers and soil humidity sensors were used for measurement of tree growth and water availability that took place near the Râșca in the Suceava region. Out of the growing season, hemispherical ("fish-eye") images were also taken to evaluate canopy openness. Mixed models were used for the statistical evaluation of the data. Negative effect of increasing the percentage of conifers in the stand on growth and the maximum growth rate of beech was found insignifficant, which give an evidence of beeches strong competitive ability in habitats with favorable conditions. However, a negative effect of a higher admixture percentage of conifers on the availability of water in the soil was signifficant, probably due to higher interception, which indicates possible problems when growing beech with a high admixture of conifers in drought-prone locations. The growth rate was highest at the turn of June and July, which refers to the dependence of beech growth dynamics on the solar cycle and indicates that drought could have the strongest negative impact on growth in the period around the summer solstice. On the basis of the obtained results, beech silviculture could be recommended with only a small admixture of conifers, and the admixture of other deciduous trees should be preferred in order to reduce the interception of the stand
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Vliv smíšení porostu na dynamiku růstu borovice lesní (Pinus sylvestris L.) ve Finsku
Vyčítalová, Hana
Mixed stands excel in their species richness and they theoretically have a better precondition for coping with disturbances than monocultures. On the other hand, there is interspecies competition, which may result in the oppression of individual species in the ecosystem. A total of 12 research plots in the province of North Karelia (Finland) were selected to approximate the effect of forest mixing on the growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In growing season 2018, stem volume changes and drought stress responses were observed in monocultures and with the admixture of one or both of the species Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). The measurement of volume changes was performed using point dendrometers installed on individual pines, the temperature and soil moisture were monitored by a TMS-4 sensor located in the soil in the middle of each research area. It was found that in all cases, Scots pine grew only in dependence on rainwater, not groundwater. It was discovered that individuals in monoculture grew up to twice as much as in both types of mixed stands. They also showed a better ability to saturate the tissues with water after it had been spent for transpiration during the July drought. In August, however, the response to drought stress was comparable in monocultures and mixed stands. The measured results show that interspecific competition may have a negative effect on the growth and drought tolerance of Scots pine in the short term. However, at a time of escalating extreme climate events around the world, this issue needs to be further explored in order to create optimal conditions for the growth of future forests.
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Fenologická sledování u buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) s ohledem na výškový gradient porostů
Popelková, Markéta
In this work is processed observations of phenological phases with beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at two sites differing altitude vegetation. First reference research area is located at ŠLP ML Křtiny, district Bílovice Svitavou with altitude 320 meters, which was founded in 2011. The second research area belongs to the Institute of Forest Ecology, Mendel University Rájec - Němčice with altitude 625 meters, that area is the observation of mixed vegetation carried out since 2004. the selected trees were evaluated onset and duration of each phenological phases in relation to air temperatures of the year in the surveyed forests.
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Postavení modřínu opadavého a borovice lesní ve smíšených lesních porostech na ŠLP Křtiny
Dobrá, Alena
The bachelor thesis was aimed at assessing the state Larix decidua Mill and Pinus sylvestris L. in mixed forests at ŠLP Křtiny before the commencement of the application of the principles of natural management. In first part was conducted analysis position of species based of forest management plan data. In second past was established and evaluated two plots of mixed pine and beech. In third part was designed alternative cultivation areas for research. It was found that 77 % area of ŠLP Křtiny forms mixed forests. In forests is most abundant beech (31 %). The pine was represented 9,3 %, larch 9,8 %. The average hight of pine was 25 meters and average breast-height diameter was 35 centimeters in mixed forests. The average hight of larch was 30 meters and average breast-height diameter was 40 centimeters in mixed forests. Stand basal both of species was bigger than the tabulated. Also it found that pine was badly damaged by crown break. The highest production of larch was at research area number two at area mixture (0,63 m3) but total production capacity of species was higher at research area number one. The comparison of beech, pine and mixtures between themselves was founded that pine was bigger everywhere. They were proposed two ways of silvicultural measures. The first method has been designed for near-natural farming and second method has been designed for feeling by regulated areas.
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Evaluation of changes in production and tree species composition of a stand arisen from line planting
Veinerová, Kristina ; Šálek, Lubomír (advisor) ; Krykorková, Jitka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with evaluation of one mature beech stand in the Natural Forest Area Středomoravské Karpaty. This stand was arisen from line planting and its initial tree species composition was spruce 50%, beech 25%, oak 13% and larch 12%. During the development mainly conifers and oak were removed; the present tree species composition is beech 96%, larch 3% and spruce only 1%. The present stock volume reaches 796 m3/ha. The stand was surveyed during the development and results were published in individual periods. Comparing the results we can make a statement that beech on rich sites in Carpathians reaches extraordinal dimensions and using appropriate tending extraordinal quality as well.
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Vyhodnocení koloběhu hořčíku ve smíšeném porostu v oblasti Drahanské vrchoviny
Hartl, Vít
Magnesium is one of the major biogenic elements for both - plants and animals. It is involved in many metabolic processes concerning plants, and most importantly magnesium is associated with photosynthesis. This bachelor thesis evaluates the flows and stocks of magnesium on the level of the forest cover and of the soil in the Drahanská vrchovina Upland (location: 49 ° 28'2 .976 "N, 16 ° 41'18 .181" E) in a mixed forest cover (beech, spruce, silver, fir) on the modal oligotropic Cambisol of the silver/beech forest vegetation zone at the age of 130 years at an altitude of 610-620 m above the sea level. In the forest cover, there is accumulated 23 655 kg.Mg.ha-1 in the overlying humus and soil. The precipitations in open area make 0.93 kg.Mg.ha-1.year-1. The soil receives annually 2.55 kg.Mg.ha-1 by throughfall precipitations. The input of magnesium by the seepage waters under A0 horizon (forest floor) is calculated in the amount of 2.37 kg.Mg.ha-1. The obtained results are extending the knowledge of the flow and the occurrence of magnesium in the soil in mixed forest covers.
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Fenologie lesních dřevin ve smíšeném porostu na polesí Bílovice nad Svitavou
Dvořák, Vojtěch
The phenological research was inquired into the Sessile Oak (Querus petraea Matt. Liebl.) and European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) on the explorative area of ŠLP ML Křtiny which belongs to the forest district of Bílovice nad Svitavou. These two trees were in the 35 years old mixed stand. On the monitored trees, there were compared the beginnings and the durations of the particular phenological stages in the connection with the weather conditions in the particular year. The temperature fluctuations for the phenological stages were specified by sum of effective air temperatures higher than 5 °C and 0 °C. There were compared the duration of the spring and autumn phenological stages on the Sessile Oak and European Larch. The gained results were compared with the statements of other authors in the Czech Republic and abroad. There were also done the comparison of the beginnings and durations of particular phenological stages of the trees with the datas of the long--standing observation ČHMÚ on the area of the same height above sea level in the Czech Republic.
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Fenologická sledování u buku lesního (Fagus sylvatica L.) s ohledem na výškový gradient porostů
Popelková, Markéta
In this work is processed observations of phenological phases with beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at two sites differing altitude vegetation. First reference research area is located at ŠLP ML Křtiny, district Bílovice Svitavou with altitude 320 meters, which was founded in 2011. The second research area belongs to the Institute of Forest Ecology, Mendel University Rájec - Němčice with altitude 625 meters, that area is the observation of mixed vegetation carried out since 2004. the selected trees were evaluated onset and duration of each phenological phases in relation to air temperatures of the year in the surveyed forests.
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