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Nutritional quality evaluation of school dinners and monitoring of food habits and their changes at students of multiannual gymnasium
HAVEL, David
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the eating habits of students at a grammar school. We directly monitored students of the first, third, fifth and seventh year of an eight-year grammar school in Trebon during the academic year 2010/2011. The research can be divided into several parts. The first part of this work consists of evaluating the nutritional quality of lunches of selected micronutrients and macronutrients and comparison with the standard requirements for the age brackets. The second part is focused on the diversity of diets in terms of representation of individual foods and meals. These data were compared with the recommended consumption basket. In the third part I monitored eating habits of students by using a questionnaire survey. In the fourth part there is a comparison of BMI values of individual pupils at the beginning and at the end of the school year, including the assignment of percentile. The hypothesis test was evaluated in the fifth part of this thesis. Regarding to the analysis of the various menus was found that annual energy intake from lunch of the students in the first and third year of a grammar school was less than the recommended values. By the contrast this is met by students in the fifth and seventh year of an eight-year grammar school. Annual protein intake from lunch in all classes reached the high value. Fat intake by the students in the first and the third year was in a range of the recommended standards. A slight increase of the macronutrients was found out in meal of students in the fifth and seventh year. The daily recommended intake of carbohydrate was in the average year-round directly lower; about 3,3% the first class, 3,6% the third class and 2,05% the seventh class. Lunch in the fifth year of an eight-year grammar school achieved the desired quantity. The analysis also shows that the intake of dietary fibre was at all four classes of students in sufficient quantities. The intake of calcium in all classes was lower than the recommended standard. The intake of magnesium was higher in all classes than is recommended. Lunch of students in all classes contains a sufficient representation of other minerals. The daily recommended intake of vitamin A in all classes was higher than the given recommended valueThe daily recommended dose of vitamin C was received in the amount of 108% in the first class, 117% in the third, 128,4% in the fifth, 125,6% in the seventh. According to the research vitamin B6 and B12 was received in excess. By comparing the diversity of menus was found that the consumption of yeast soup fails. Pulses soups were represented by the standard. This research also discovered the lack of meat-less/vegetarian meals, chicken and pulses meals. On the other hand fried, sweet meals and pork meat was chosen very often. It should be noted that diversity is influenced by the students themselves, by their choice at all. The survey shows that there is the same amount of students who have breakfast and the same amount of those who don´t. The eating of morning and afternoon snacks is likely rare. Student who took part in this survey also pointed out that they have lunch regularly in the school canteen. Nobody mention his/her distaste to daily consumption of fruit or vegetables. The fluid intake was inadequate in most cases. BMI for most students is in the norm. There is only a minimum of respondents with low weight, overweight or obese. Hypothesis testing has not shown that the missing breakfast causes higher BMI. The level of eating at the eight-year grammar school measured in the studied canteen corresponds to the most evaluated parameters to the nutritional requirements of children's ages. Consumer basket is filled, but the variety of the menu is influenced by the consumers themselves.
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Nutritional quality of younger pupils
JURÁSKOVÁ, Petra
The thesis deals with nutrition and catering for younger school children. The actual research was carried out at Vltava Primary School and Primary School of Arts, Bezdrevská 3, České Budějovice and it can be divided into four parts. The first part was based on assessment of menus in the period from September 2009 to June 2010. The individual meals were analysed by means of modern nutrition software NutriDan and subsequently compared with the standard requirement of energy and selected macronutrients and micronutrients according to Nevoral et al., (2003). Pursuant to Ordinance No 107/2008 Coll. on school catering, the calculation is based on the average figure of 35 % of the total daily nutrition ratio for lunch. In the second part of the research, variety of menus was assessed on the basis of the frequency of repetition of the individual meals in a month in the school canteen. The third part of the research was focused on eating habits of pupils by means of a questionnaire. The fourth part was based on testing of the hypotheses. From the research carried out it was found out that energy intake was only met for the first grade pupils (6-year-olds), for the third grade (8-year-olds) and fifth grade (10-year-olds) the energy intake was low. The protein intake from lunch was high in all the monitored grades. The values exceeded 100 % RDI. Fat content was very high for the first grade pupils and on average it achieved 44.60 % RDI for boys and 47.27 % RDI for girls. For the third and fifth grade pupils it was sufficient. Carbohydrate content was sufficient for the first grade pupils, for the third grade pupils it was low during the whole school year when the average was 29.62 % RDI and for the fifth grade pupils the average was 27.67 % RDI. Fibre was supplied sufficiently for all the questioned pupils. From the monitored micronutrients, calcium was supplied deficiently. The content of selected vitamins was high, especially as regards the B group vitamins. Vitamin A was at the low level of supply, for the first grade pupils it reached 31 % RDI, for the third grade pupils 27.13 % RDI and for the fifth grade pupils 26.60 % RDI. The assessment of variety of menus showed insufficient inclusion of legume soups, fish, vegetarian vegetable dishes, fruit and vegetables. In some months pork meat was included excessively. The questionnaire-based research shows that with growing age, the consumption of breakfasts, morning snacks and afternoon snacks was decreased and also eating in school canteens decreased. Fluid intake is sufficient. The tested hypotheses proved these conclusions: the BMI index of girls is higher than the BMI index of boys,carbohydrate intake is high for children, fluid intake is sufficient.
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