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Nursing care for patients with a chest trauma.
HORÁKOVÁ, Magdaléna
Injuries to the chest together with damage to the chest organs are among the most frequent injuries in common life. These traumas are often combined with another injury, or they are classified as polytraumas. Care for such patients is provided mainly by trauma centres due to the necessary complex, multi-stage treatment. In the event of an injury to the chest, the chest wall or internal organs in the ribcage may also be injured. These include especially the heart, lungs, main blood vessels, bronchi and throat. A chest injury may endanger the client?s life due to an immediate or potential risk of cardiopulmonary failure. The mechanisms of injury include contusion, compression and deceleration. Injuries may be isolated, multiple or classified as polytraumas. Treatment may be conservative as well as surgical. In most cases, the injuries are non-penetrating. Injuries may be caused by direct force (for example collision with a steering wheel, collision with the ground during a fall, a received blow) or indirect force (deceleration). Chest drainage is an often applied solution. During this medical operation, the drain is inserted into the pleural sac to remove pathologic content. This diploma thesis has been elaborated using the questionnaire method. Data were collected in selected trauma centres of the Czech Republic. 182 questionnaires were processed. Results of the research are processed in the form of graphs and contingency tables. Three hypotheses were defined to achieve the objectives. Hypothesis 1: Nurses have knowledge of the principles of care for patients with active chest breathing. Hypothesis 2: Nurses have knowledge of the principles of care for patients with passive chest breathing. Hypothesis 3: Nurses cooperate with rehabilitation therapists. We have managed to confirm all the hypotheses in our research investigation and thus meet the defined objectives. The research shows that nurses have knowledge of the principles of care for patients with active and passive chest breathing, and that they cooperate with physiotherapists. A nursing standard was created for nurses who focus on patients with applied chest drainage. This thesis may also serve as study material.
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Special features in nursing care of chest unjuries
HALODOVÁ, Markéta
The paper is titled "Special features of nursing in cases of chest injuries". The chosen objectives were two: (1) to find out whether the nurses are sufficiently skilled in caring for patients with chest injuries, and (2) to find out whether the nurses are sufficiently skilled in caring for the chest injury patients administered thoracostomy using tube drains. The paper has been split into two sections - theoretical and practical. The former deals with the injuries of thorax and their therapy using chest tube drains. Injuries to the thorax are severe conditions threatening to any time deteriorate the state of patient's health. Such injuries can be suffered in traffic accidents, sporting activities, or even through brachial violence. The greater part of the injuries can be intrathoracic, staying hidden inside the chest. The paper concentrates primarily on the active and passive drain techniques and the nursing care provided to the chest drain patients. The required information was obtained using the method of quantitative survey through a questionnaire, with the effort completed by the method of structured observation. The questionnaire was put before nurses working at the departments of traumatology and surgery and at the pulmonary and anesthesiology & resuscitation wards of the České Budějovice Hospital and the Faculty Hospital in Pilsen. This paper could be used in workshops held at the departments of surgery and traumatology as well as those organized by the pulmonary and anesthesiology & resuscitation wards. Moreover, it can serve as instructional material for the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia.
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