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Eating habits of children and youth in selected schools
OHEROVÁ, Martina
Over the last decade, there is an enormous increase in the number of children and young people with health problems due to the non-compliant boarding. This is not only about overweight or obesity, the problem is much broader spectrum - diseases such as diabetes mellitus 2nd type, high blood pressure, high level of cholesterol and other cardiovaskular problems do not affect only adults anymore. This work is focused on primary school pupils and high school students, on finding their eating habits and the following comparison. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part includes the basic data describing the quality of eating in the world and in the Czech population and also describes the charakteristics of contemporary boarding. This section also emphasizes the importance of diet for a child´s body in various stages of development, including the intrauterine one. Of course also serves dietary guidelines, both the preferences of specific dietary components and the frequency of meals, distribution of energy intake during the day etc. It also briefly describes the various dietary components and their function in the body, describes the different ways to check the status of human nutrition and the conclusion is devoted to the pathology of child nutrition. The practical part contains the results of research that were gathered through the method of questioning, using questionaires. The data were collected anonymously. Questionnaires were distributed to 7th and 9th classes of primary school and the first and third grades of secondary schools in the district of Jihlava. Respondents answered a total of 15 questions, two of which were open. Of the 65 questionnaires (100%) distributed to elementary school returned 55, 2 of them had to be excluded due to incompleteness, a total of 53 - 82% return. At high school, it was also distributed 65 questionnaires (100%), returned 54 - 83% return. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary habits of children and adolescents, and to assess whether positive approach to healthy nutrition tend to have younger pupils in primary schools, which are still under the powerful influence of parents, or whether the food more cares older high school youth. Based on this goal I set two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: There are differences in the diet on selected primary and secondary schools in the district of Jihlava. Hypothesis 2: High school youth do not eat in accordance with the food pyramid. After subsequent testing of hypotheses it was proved that differences between primary school pupils and secondary school students actually exist. Surprisingly, the better rating in the test had high school students. Those, besides a consumption of alcohol, have better eating habits - they have regular meals, breakfast was more in line with dietary recommendations, more frequently attend a school canteen, the majority has not been shown to be regularly active smoking etc. At both schools, without distinction, occurred more serious shortcomings in the consumption of fruit and vegetables, there also was a relatively high number of students who have ever tried tobacco and alcohol consumption. In addition to the hypotheses, I also compared the differences in responses depending on gender of respondents and correlation between the resulting score of questionnaire and Body Mass Index which I calculated on the basis of height and weight. Between boys and girls were shown minimal differences, concerning rather morning snacks (girls prefer healthier foods) and more active interest in a healthy lifestyle by girls again. Relationship between Body Mass Index and resulting scores in the questionnaire was not demonstrated. This work may serve to school teachers as a study material in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as parents of children and adolescents to broaden knowledge of this issue.
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