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The nurse´s role in the care of clients´ nutrition in retirement homes
SATRAPOVÁ, Štěpánka
The bachelor thesis is title "The nurse´s role in the care of clients´ nutrition in retirement homes." It contains four objectives. The first objective is to find out how general nurses evaluate the nutrition of nursing home clients. The second objective focuses on nurses' knowledge of the subject. The third objective determines whether the general nurse adheres to standards in the nutritional care of the elderly. The fourth objective is to find out what are the specifics of nutrition of the elderly. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes nutritional specifics of the elderly, organ changes in old age, nutritional components and drinking regime. It also focuses on nutritional disorders in the elderly, malnutrition, obesity and dehydration. The last part is nutritional support for the elderly. The role of the nurse in nutritional care of the elderly, nutritional assessment, enteral and parenteral nutrition are described. The practical part includes results obtained from a research investigation. This part was conducted by qualitative investigation, semi-structured interview method and observation. The interview includes twenty-two open-ended questions and four questions involving identification of probands. For the observation, a table was previously created which includes thirteen aspects. The research sample consisted of ten general nurses working in a nursing home. From the results of the qualitative survey it is evident that most nurses use nutritional screening and physical examination in the form of measuring the client's weight to assess the nutritional status. It was also found that the level of knowledge of nurses is sufficient. The nurses are knowledgeable in the subject matter. They are knowledgeable about malnutrition and dehydration. It is also evident from the interviews that they are knowledgeable about the standard that deals with nutrition care for the elderly. The observation revealed the mistakes that nurses make when serving meals to the elderly. The main errors include not using clothing protection and lack of communication with the senior. Some of the more unimportant specifics of nutrition include a balanced and varied diet. It is important that the diet is adequately represented by all nutritional components.
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Assessment of nutritional status of the elderly population living in rest home and at home
SVATOŠOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis with the title "Assesment of Nutritional Status of the Elderly Population Living in Rest Home and at Home" is concerning problems related to nutrition at old age. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the definition of the old age and the changes of an old body associated with nutrition, and also on needs of energy and of individual nutrients. The thesis is also concerning interactions between food and drugs, nutrition disorders at old age and possibilities how to investigate and assess nutritional state. The experimental group was created by 6 elderly people, 3 people were living in Rest Homes for the Elderly and 3 people were living at home. They were all over 65 years of age. The goal was to investigate their nutritional state and to compare the results we received from people living in Rest Homes for the Elderly and people living at home. There was chosen qualitative research form of investigation. We firstly received basic information that concerned anthropometrical data, personal health anamnesis, family anamnesis, etc. in form of semi structured interview. We recorded answers obtained from interviewees' 1 week nutritional questionnaires. There are recorded data of each elderly person received during the interview in the practical part of the thesis, there is also calculated recommended intake of energy and nutrients, calculation of food pattern received from the software program "Nutriservis Professional" and in the end, there are carried out some recommendations. We can see from the results that the elderly fail to have appropriate fluids intake, they do not have enough vegetables, legumes, fish and fish products. Investigated elderly people preferred fats to carbohydrates. However, it is not possible to conclude explicitly based on found results that the nutritional state in the interviewed people from the Rest Home for Elderly is better than in people living at home. But the nutritional patterns of elderly people from Rest Homes for Elderly had better choice of appropriate food and meals were rarely repeated. It is necessary for the Elderly to receive more information on the nutrition so that they can realize that also at their old age it is important to eat proper diet with sufficient quantity so that it will meet the requirements concerning their actual needs. The research result and recommendation can be used by organizations that take care of the elderly people and also by the elderly themselves as the source of information about nutrition and proper diet.
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